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Plan of Iguala & Independent Mexico
September 27, 1821: Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero sign the Plan of Iguala, marking the end of Mexican War of Independence.
September 27, 1821: Mexico gains its independence from Spain. -
First Mexican Empire
October 4, 1823: The First Mexican Empire is officially established, with Agustín de Iturbide as its first emperor. -
Santa Anna's government
April 1, 1833: Santa Anna seizes power in a coup, leading to a period of political instability. -
Texas Revolution
December 20, 1835: The Texas Revolution begins, as American settlers in Texas rebel against Mexican rule. -
Mexican-American War
April 25, 1846: The Mexican-American War begins when the United States annexes Texas.
February 2, 1848: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the Mexican-American War and ceding significant Mexican territory to the United States. -
Constitution of 1857
February 5, 1857: The Constitution of 1857 is promulgated, establishing a liberal and federalist constitution in Mexico. -
French Intervention starts
July 17, 1861: Benito Juárez suspends interest payments on foreign debt, leading to the French Intervention in Mexico. -
Batte of Puebla
May 5, 1862: The Battle of Puebla takes place, with Mexican forces defeating the French at the Battle of Cinco de Mayo. -
Second Mexican Empire and Falling
June 10, 1863: The French capture Mexico City, and Maximilian I is installed as Emperor of Mexico. June 19, 1867: Emperor Maximilian I is captured and executed by Mexican forces, marking the end of the Second Mexican Empire. -
Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada's presidency
July 18, 1872: The presidency of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada begins, marking the end of the presidency of Benito Juárez.