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Mexican Independence Day
The Mexican War of Independence started on September 16, 1810; the date is now celebrated as their Independence day. The war was led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Mestizos and Amerindians who sought independence from Spain. Today it is a major celebration in Mexico, even bigger than CInco de Mayo. http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/Archives/ED101sp10/cowan/mexican%20war%20of%20independence.html -
Mexico abolishes slavery
Mexico abolishes slavery in the documents Sentimientos de la Nación. The document was influencd by the French and American Revolutions. It was created by leader José María Morelos y Pavón. Almost no change in slavery came with this document. http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentimientos_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n -
Mexico gains independence
In 1821, representatives Spain and Iturbide signed the Treaty of Córdoba under the terms of the Plan of Iguala, which recognized the Mexican Empire independent from Spain. The Plan of Iguala had three main goals, the establishment of Roman Catholicism, Mexico's independence, and social equality in the new country. Their congress declared Iturbide(a leader of the war) emperor of Mexico; Iturbide then dissolved Congress and replaced it with a sympathetic junta. http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indep -
Constitution of Mexico
The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 was enacted after the Mexican Empire was overthrown by the Supreme Executive Power. In the new constitution, the republic took the name of United Mexican States, and was defined as a representative federal republic, with Catholicism as the official religion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1824_Constitution_of_Mexico -
Mexico becomes a republic
The United Mexican States, was established on 4 October 1824, after the overthrow of the Mexican Empire ruled by Agustin de Iturbide. The new Mexican constitution stated the name to be United Mexican States, and formed a representative federal republic, with Catholicism as the official religion. Although it was official, the majority of the population ignored it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mexico -
Spanish invasion
The attempted Spanish reconquest of Mexico was an effort by the Spanish government to regain possession of its former colony of Mexico, which resulted in war. In 1829, Spanish General Isidro Barradas sailed to Mexico with orders to reconquer Mexican territory. The attempt failed and the Spanish never regained control of the country, but they did damage the Mexican economy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_reconquest_attempts_of_Mexico -
Texas declares war on Mexico
Having recently attained Independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico was a fragile country with internal struggles that verged on civil war. Texas, desiring independence from Mexico saw this time of weakness as an opportunity. Although Mexico threatened war with the U.S. if it annexed Texas, their threats were mostly ignored. In 1835 the Republic of Texas declared war on Mexico. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Batalla_de_Sacramento.jpg -
Battle of the Alamo
The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal 13 day event in the Texas Revolution. On Febuary 23, 1836, Mexican troops atttacked the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar, killing all the Texian defenders. Santa Anna's cruelty inspired many Texians to join the Texian Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texians defeated the Mexican Army two months later, ending the revolution. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Alamo -
Pastry War
The Pastry War marked the first time the French intervened with Mexico. It began when the French formed naval blockades around some Mexican ports and the capture of a Mexican fortress by French forces. It ended with a "British-brokered peace" in March 1839. Named Pastry War because French pastry cook claimed his shop in Mexico City had been ruined by Mexican officers, French King demanded 600,000 pesos in damages but Mexico refused to pay. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastry_War -
Santa Anna presidency is overthrown in Mexico
Sometimes referred to as "the Napoleon of the West", Santa Anna was a Mexican politician and general who greatly influenced early Mexican politics and government. He was a general and president for 11 years over a 40-year career. "His centralist rhetoric and military failures resulted in Mexico losing just over half its territory." His people began to resist him, especially after he raised taxes. With resentment growing, Santa Anna stepped down from power. http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewi -
US declares war on Mexico
Annexation procedures were quickly initiated after the 1844 election of Polk, who campaigned that Texas should be “re-annexed” and that the Oregon Territory should be “re-occupied.” Polk also had his eyes on California, New Mexico and the rest of what is today the U.S. Southwest. When his offer to purchase those lands was rejected, he instigated a fight by moving troops into a disputed zone between the Rio Grande and Nueces River. -
Mexican-American War
The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) marked the first U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. It pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against the expansionist-minded administration of U.S. President James K. Polk, who believed the United States had a “manifest destiny” to spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. A border skirmish along the Rio Grande started off the fighting and was followed by a series of U.S. victories. -
Treaty of 1848
With the defeat of its army and the fall of the capital, Mexico City, in September 1847 the Mexican government surrendered to the United States and entered into negotiations to end the war. -
US-Mexico war ends
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America and Mexico sign Gadsden Treaty.
James Gadsden, U.S. Minister to Mexico, and General Antonio López de Santa Anna, president of Mexico, signed the Gadsden Purchase. The treaty settled the dispute over the exact location of the Mexican border west of El Paso, Texas, giving the U.S. claim to approximately 29,600 square miles of land in what is now southern New Mexico and Arizona, for the price of $10 million. -
The French troops capture Mexico City
The three European powers signed the Treaty of London on 31 October, to unite their efforts to receive payments from Mexico. On 8 December the Spanish fleet and troops arrived at Mexico's main port, Veracruz. When the British and Spanish discovered however that France planned to seize all of Mexico, they quickly withdrew. The subsequent French invasion resulted in the Second Mexican Empire, which was supported by the Roman Catholic clergy. -
French leave Mexico
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Maximilian executed
The city fell on 15 May 1867 and Maximilian was captured the next morning after the failure of an attempt to escape through Republican lines. Following a court-martial, he was sentenced to death. He spoke only in Spanish and payed his executioners not to shoot him in the head so that his mother could see his face.His last words were, "I forgive everyone, and I ask everyone to forgive me. May my blood which is about to be shed, be for the good of the country. Viva Mexico, viva la independencia!". -
Japan-Mexico Treaty
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Mexican Civil War
