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Oct 12, 1492
Columbus
Columbus travels in hopes of finding a new route to india. He lands in the new world in the Bahamas on Oct 12 1942 in what he believed was Indians. He sends news back about enslaving the people their and taking the land. -
Oct 12, 1492
Columbian Exchange
The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies. The Native World had gold, silver, corn, potatoes, tobacco, pineapples, tomatoes, beans, vanilla, chocolate and syphilis. The Old World/Europeans had wheat, rice, sugar, coffee, horses, cows, pigs, smallpox, measles, influenza, bubonic plague, typhus, diphtheria, and the scarlet fever. This whole exchange of things was initiated by Columbus. -
May 1, 1503
Encomienda
Spanish government's policy to "commend", or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them. Part of a broader Spanish effort to subdue Indian tribes in the West Indies and on the North American mainland. -
Aug 28, 1565
Saint Augustine, Florida
Was the first permanet European colony in the new wrold by Spain, it served as the Captial of Spanish Florida. -
James Town
This was the first permanent British colony. James town was settled in the attempts to find gold for the mother country. To keep James town running The Virginia Company establised the House of Burgeses similar to Englands Parliament. Tobacco saved James Town from failing after it failed in finding gold for England. -
Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts
Pilgrims leaving Egland to practice religion freely they way they believed it was correct as they believed the Church was corrupt back in England. In their ship The Mayflower they all signed the Mayflower compact establishing on of the first self governemnt in the Americas -
Puritan Mirgration to Massachusetts Bay
Protestant sect who came to Massachusetts Bay Colony hoping to purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization -
English seize New Amsterdam
17th-century Dutch colonial settlement on the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as capital city of New Netherland. It was renamed New York in 1665 in honor of the Duke of York when English forces seized control of Manhattan along with the rest of the Dutch colony. -
Bacon's rebellion
Poeple who wanted to more west but were attacked by the Natives and were angered by the lack of response to Indian attacks. They chased Berkely out of town but when Bacon died Berkely crushed the uprising. -
Great Awakening
Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies. which lead them to start wondering whyh they followed the British -
French and Indian War
Also Known as the Seven Years War. Britain and France fought for control of the Ohio Valley and Canada. The Algonquins, who feared British expansion into the Ohio Valley, allied with the French. The Mohawks also fought for the French while the rest of the Iroquois Nation allied with the British. The colonies fought under British commanders. Britain eventually won, and gained Canada from the French and Florida fromSpain who were allies with France. War ended in 1763 -
Pontiac's Rebellion
colonists began moving westward and settling on Indian land. large number of Indian tribes banded together under the Ottawa chief Pontiac to keep the colonists from taking over their land. Lend to Britain's Proclamation of 1763, which stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed -
Boston Massacre
a crowd of colonists protested against British customs agents and the presence of British troops in Boston. Violence flared and five colonists were killed. -
American Reviolution
with the colonist having declared their independence from Brtain the suffered in the begining of the war as the lost many battles. one battle they lost was led by General Richard Montgomery, who died in battle, that was an attempt to capture Quebec. the battle that was the turing point of the war for the colonist was Battle of Saratoga, as it convinced the French to aid the colonies for independence since the shared a common enemy. The French sent Marquis de Lafayette a military officer tto help -
XYZ Affair
A commission had been sent to France to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. -
War of 1812
A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The Bristish burn down the White house, The Treaty of Ghent(ended war) -
Monroe Doctrine
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. -
Indian Removal Act
Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West. -
Mexican American War
US wanted to buy California, but relations with Mexico hadn't been amazing since they had annexed Texas. Mexico still considered Texas its own and so they went to war the US came out Victorious. TheTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war also Mexico gave up all claims to land from Texas to California for $15 million -
Civil War
After Abarham Lincoln was Elected president South Carolina left the US followed by others to from the Confederate States because they feared that with Lincoln as president he would out law slavery in the south, which was what held the souths economy together. the US used the Anaconda Plan by cutting the south from the Mississippi river and blocking their ports not allowing goods to come in, Lincoln announced that the war was nolonger on ending slaver but also saving a union -
U.S. acquires Alaska from Russia
purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million, instigated by William Steward. Was significant because it ridded the continent of another foreign power. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Passed in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US -- except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials -- because the United States thought of them as a threat. Caused chinese population in America to decrease. -
Statue of Liberty
1886, NY, gift from France, meant as a symbol for being easy with immigrants, although at this time anti-foreign feelings were on the rise -
Ellis Island
Immigration station for European immigrants located in the New York Harbor 1892-1954. New arrivals had to pass rigorous medical and document examinations and pay entry before being allowed into the U.S. -
Spanish-American War
After the US maine -
Panama Canal
The US built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal. -
World War I
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot dead along with his wife in Bosnia, where Russia, France, and Great Britain helped Serbia for independence, against Austria-Hungary who was backed by Germany after their duke was killed. The US was trying to stay out of foreign affairs, but soon joined after the British intercepted a message sent by the German to Mexico to attack the US and that they would help them gain California back, Merico never attacked, US soon joined, ended a year after they joined -
14 points
were introduced by Wilson in 1918. It was Wilson's peace plan. Each of the points were designed to prevent future wars. He compromised each point at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The only point which remained was the 14th (League of Nations). Each one was appealing to a specific group in the war and each one held a specific purpose. -
League of Nations
In 1919, after the war, Wilson proposed it in the 14th point of his peace plan. He envisioned it as an Assembly with seats for all nations and a special council for the great powers. The US voted not to join the League because in doing so, it would have taken away our self-determination, and Congress could not decide whether to go to war or not. -
Stock Market Crash
the day when prices in the stock market took a steep dive, plunging over $10 million dollars. -
Great Depression
The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s. FDR's New Deal helped come out of these times in the US but they finally began to come out when they joined world war 2 -
World War II
In 1939 Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan (Axis powers) began invading neigboring countries and taking them over. The Allied powers: Great Britain, USSR, and France began to fight back to keep their nations from falling to thier tkae over. The US stil going through the great depression was only giving weapons to the allied powers, but soon fully joined the war after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Even though the US wanted peace with japan, The US was able to turn the war into the allies favor. -
United Nations
international body formed to bring nations into dialogue in hopes of preventing further world wars; much like the former League of Nations in ambition, it was more realistic in recognizing the authority of the Big Five Powers in keeping peace in the world, thus guaranting veto power to all permant members of its Security Council (Britian, China, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States) -
Cold War
A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted eachother on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years, each feared the others nuclear power that they each set out to expand their armed forces. went on from 1947 to 1991 -
Marshall Plan
$5.3 billion to Europe to help rebuild post-war; mainly raw materials, food and fuel; underlying purpose of preventing them to fall to communism -
Berlin Airlift
Truman's move to prevent the removal of US troops from Berlin, while also helping the troops to survive. He ordered US planes to fly in supplies to the people of West Berlin, and also sent 60 bombers capable of carrying atomic bombs to bases in England. (During the Cold War) -
Korean War
First "hot war" of the Cold war. The Korean War began in 1950 when the Soviet-backed North Koreans invaded South Korea before meeting a counter-offensive by UN Forces, dominated by the United States. Sent the Northern invaders back to the 38th parallel. -
Vietnam War
The US was helping the corruoted south to keep them from falling to the communist North. After North Vietnam lunched the Tet Offensive: an offensive by Vietcong and North Vietnamese forces against South Vietnamese and U.S. positions in South Vietnam, it turned the war into the favor to North Vietnam and destroyed any hope the US still had for the war, Vietnam fell to communism, ended April 30, 1975 -
Bay of Pigs
American attempt to overthrow the newly established communist government in Cuba by training and sending Cuban rebels. The coup ended up in a disaster due to the lack of support by the Americans. The incident was an embarrassment for the U.S. and ultimately led to Castro pleading for Soviet aid -
Cuban Missile Crisis
was an incident where Soviet missiles were placed in Cuba as a response for help. The event greatly increased tensions between the Soviets and the Americans. As a result, a hotline was established between the two nations to avoid any accidents. -
Détente
This was a type of foreign policy adopted both by the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. which focused on easing relations between the two and dropping the confrontational rivalry for the time being. This new policy allowed for tensions between the two powers to ease and paved the way for such talks such as SALT I -
Salt 1
each nation agreed to reduce the number of nuclear missiles in its arsenal in exchange for US supplying the soviets with much-needed grain over the next 3 years -
Persian Gulf War
after Iraq invaded Kuwait, the US invaded Iraq to liberate Kuwait; Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields on fire so the Americans couldn't gain the oil; this conflict caused the US to set military bases in Saudi Arabia; also called Operation: Desert Storm -
START I treaty
presidents bush & yeltsin signed this treaty, which drastically reduced the number of nuclear warheads in both countries -
Oklahoma City Bombing
Truck-bomb explosion that killed 168 people in a federal office building on April 19, 1995. The attack was perpetrated by anti-government militant Timothy McVeigh -
9/11
four planes used as missiles; took down the symbol of US financial power, the World Trade Center Towers; the deadliest attack on US soil; it leads to far reaching changes in American life, One hit the Pentagon, while the other believed to be heading to the White House was retaken over by the passangers and redirected it to a empty field. US set to find Osama Bin Laden and kill him -
War on Terror
Initiated by President George W. Bush after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the broadly defined "war on terror" aimed to weed out terrorist operatives and their supporters throughout the world -
invasion of Iraq
Iraq thought to be holding weapons of mass destruction after they hadn't reported to the United nations. as for this belief the US invated iraq as part of War on Terror -
2008 Elections
Obama ran a grass roots campaign that engaged young voters and the black community; the failing economy was the centerpiece of the election, Obama pushed for major economic stimulus packages to create jobs at a local level, Obama first African American President
