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After a long struggle to establish his power, by 1060 his hold on Normandy was secure, and he launched the Norman conquest of England in 1066.
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Paper spread from China through the Middle East to medieval Europe in the 13th century, where the first water-powered paper mills were built.
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Magna Carta was the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges.
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After some early successes, the later crusades failed and the crusaders were defeated and forced to return home.
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The Black Plague was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350.
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The first allusion to a literary tradition of Robin Hood tales occurs in William Langland's Piers Plowman (c. 1362–c. 1386)
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The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century.
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First published in 1485 by William Caxton, Le Morte d'Arthur is perhaps the best-known work of English-language Arthurian literature today.
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The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic wars fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet
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Henry won the throne when he defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field.
