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The Arabs try to conquer Constantinople but are unsuccessful.
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North Africa and Middle East came under the rule of the Caliphate.
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Irish monks form early-medieval art.
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The Justinian Code was rediscovered in Northern Italy.
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German princes abolish the hereditary claim to the throne and make the right to select new rulers.
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King John of England loses Normandy and the surrounding area to the French king, Philip Augustus.
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Louis VIII, Philip Augustus' son, rules for three years and conquers most of southern France.
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The Byzantine Empire returns to Constantinople.
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The Black Death kills about a third of Europeans
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Charlemagne is crowned emperor by the pope in Rome.
