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443 BCE
Ordovician
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443 BCE
Ordovician Graptolites extinct species
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443 BCE
Ordovivian bryozoans extinct.
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443 BCE
Ordovivian trilobites extinct
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443 BCE
Late ordovivan
This happened millions of years ago not in BCE that is the only way to put it in order here though.
Info-
During this time there were trilobites and brachiopods, graptolites, and bryozoans.
85% of all species went extinct..
The remaining species build up to make new brachiopods, trilobites, ammonites, conodonts, acritrachs, and placoderms in the million years leading up the the devonian age. -
443 BCE
Reason for Ordovician extinction
The first wave of extinction is thought to have caused by the rapid cooling that occurred at the end of the ordovician time period while the second wave has been attributed to the drop in sea levels due to widespread glaciation of the African and South American sections of Gondwana, this idea of what caused the extinction seems to be generally accepted. -
443 BCE
Facts about the late Ordovician
Late Ordovician - the first life on land appeared during this era. This was also twice as severe as the K-T extinction showing how diverse the era was before extinction, but how devastating this extinction really was too. -
364 BCE
Devovian extinction
This happened millions of years ago not in BCE that is the only way to put it in order here though.
A combination of several stresses such as sedimentation, rapid global warming, impacts, or massive nutrient runoff killed up to 70 to 80% of all animal species and 20% of families of Devonian animals.
The ones that got most affected were the jawless fishes, the trilobites, brachipods, and tabulate corals. This allowed rise to more acanthodians and fusulinids that showed up very quickly. -
360 BCE
Devovian map
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360 BCE
Devonian Coltraenia Oufatnensis Morocco Trilobite
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360 BCE
Devonian Diplacanthus Acanthodian
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360 BCE
Devonian Archaeopteris
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360 BCE
Reason for Devonian extinction
Late Devonian - glaciation, drop in sea levels, meteroite impacts, changes in CO2 levels, or the creation and spread of the first forests and pants with complex root systems. -
360 BCE
Reason for Devonian extinction
Late Devonian - glaciation, drop in sea levels, meteorite impacts, changes in CO2 levels, and the creation and spread of the first forests and plants with complex root systems, the plant hypothesis seems to be favored the most. -
360 BCE
Facts about the late Devonian
Late Devonian it took over 100 million years for the reefs and coral to return to it’s former glory. During this time too much of the sea bed became devoid of oxygen making it hard to live in except bacteria. -
251 BCE
End-permian
This happened millions of years ago not in BCE that is the only way to put it in order here though.
This was believed to happen over 15 million years
Ones that lived in the permian were the tetraceratops, the archosaurus, the konzhukovia, the gerobatarachus, the uralerpeton, and the kotlassia. There were fusulinids, acanthodians, crinoids, and rugose corals.
95% of the marine
70% of the terrestrial
The ones who survived such as the terapsids and archosaurs made the age of reptiles. -
251 BCE
Permian extinction Ammonrites
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251 BCE
Permian extinction apateon pedestris
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251 BCE
Permian extinction crinold
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251 BCE
End-permian reason for extinction
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251 BCE
Reason for Permian extinction
End-Permian (sometimes called “Permian-Triassic”) - changes in water temperatures, changes in the carbon cycle, increase in methane producing archaea, widespread oceanic anorexia, the creation of Pangea, -
251 BCE
Facts about the End-permian
End-Permian (sometimes called “Permian-Triassic”) - the first trees and forests appeared during this era, after the extinction event, the first vertebrates colonized the land. -
251 BCE
Reason for End-Permian extinction
End-Permian (sometimes called “Permian-Triassic”) - changes in water temperatures, changes in the carbon cycle, increase in methane producing archaea, widespread oceanic anoxia, the creation of Pangea, meteorite impacts, the causes of this extinction have been typically focused on the disruption of biogeochemical cycles through biological and physical means. -
225 BCE
End-Permian
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214 BCE
End-Triassic
This happened millions of years ago not in BCE that is the only way to put it in order here though.
The animals that lived there during the time was marine repiles, ammonoids, gastropods, and brachiopods. Therapsids dominated the era the most with other reptiles such as the archosaurs
76% of all marine and terrestrial species and about 20% of all taxonomic families went extinct.
The land replies that survived started to grow to make the dinosaurs to dominant the earth with pterosaurs, crocodiles -
213 BCE
End-triassic continued
turtles, mammals, and fishes grew up as fauna and vertebrae disappeared. -
212 BCE
Triassic extinction temnospondyls
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212 BCE
Triassic extinction icthyosaurs
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212 BCE
Triassic extinction odontochelys
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212 BCE
Facts about End-Triassic
End-Triassic - many of the turtles, mammals, and fishes seen today are descendants of ones from after this extinction. This allowed the dinosaurs to rise up and become the dominant animals on the earth. -
212 BCE
Reason for End-Triassic extinction
End-Triassic - climate change, rise in sea levels, increased volcanic activity, release of massive amounts of methane from permafrost, meteorite impacts, the idea of increased volcanic activity leading to climate change and a rise in sea levels has been the one most favored by scientists it seems. -
200 BCE
End-Triassic Map
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65 BCE
End-Cretaceous
This happened millions of years ago not in BCE that is the only way to put it in order here though.
Dinosaurs and marine invertebrates were still here at the time with animals such as marine reptiles, ammonoids, diatoms, and rudist bivalves.
It eliminated 80% of the species of animals.
All of them got wiped out except the archosaurs that survived and became modern day birds and crocodillians. -
64 BCE
Cretaceous Macropomoides Orientalis
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64 BCE
End-Cretaceous
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64 BCE
Cretaceous extinction Mosasaurs
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64 BCE
Cretaceous Mosasaur
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64 BCE
Facts about End-Cretaceos
End-Cretaceous (also known as “Cretaceous-Tertiary” or “K-T”) the swift and devastating kill of the dinosaurs and invertebrates is still not fully understood. It did create more species seen today such as some crocodiles and even birds from the species who survived the extinction. -
64 BCE
Reason for End-Cretaceous Extinction
End-Cretaceous (also known as “Cretaceous-Tertiary” or “K-T”) - meteorite impacts, tectonic plate movements, increased volcanic activity, the idea of meteorite impacts causing the end cretaceous extinction has especially been looked upon with favor as of recently -
Period: to
How do they know about the event? Evidence used
Scientists have been able to tell that these extinction events have occurred due to reef gaps and fossil records. Reef gaps are time periods that would take place after a mass extinction during which coral reefs would recover. These reef gaps have been determined thanks to coral reef fossil records. Meanwhile, the fossils around the world have shown that extinctions have taken place. Fossils of animals have been dug up that look completely different from the animals we have today. -
Period: to
How do they know about the event? Evidence used
Though some of the fossils do look similar to some present day species, it has been determined that they are still entirely different organisms. In order to explain this phenomenon, it has been determined that at some point, these species would have to have gone extinct. Large amounts of species have been found to have gone extinct at specific time periods helping point to the idea of mass extinction events. -
Article questions #2 & #3
Over what time scale have Earth’s previous mass extinctions taken place?
Millions of years they have taken place.
In a study, a team of scientists found that many plant and animal species are shifting their ranges. In what ways are their ranges changing? How do scientists explain these changes?
They are moving up mountain slopes and places that are cooler for them to survive. They explain it by saying they are moving from warmer edges of a range to cooler edges that are more suitable. -
Article questions #4 (part 1)
In your own words, describe how three different species have responded to climate change. Using these examples, explain why it is difficult for scientists to exactly predict how future climate changes will affect individual species.
The brown butterfly are growing faster from the pupae and developing days earlier so they are moving towards areas with global warming to be able to grow faster and make more of their species. -
Article questions #1
What is a mass extinction? How is it different from the extinction of a single species, or even several different species?
75% or more of the species have disappeared in a few million years or less.
It’s different because there are so many species on the planet they can go extinct by their own accord depending on what they do. Mass extinction affects all of them and more on a much larger span and wipes out species very quickly. -
Article Questions #4 (part 2)
Polar bears are having a harder time because of the melting ice and they are having troubles catching seals. The bears are now deciding to get food on land by raiding goose nests. This continuing will decline to the geese populations.
The warming oceans are stimulating the growth of deadly algae on reefs and even with the fish there the algae can sometimes get out of control and it’s destroying those areas because the environment can’t adapt.
