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Expedition to study topography of the global ocean
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n 1906, American naval architect Lewis Nixon invented the first sonar-like listening device to detect icebergs
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was used by William Beebe. He descended to a depth of 923 meters off Bermuda in a steel sphere that was tethered to a mother ship.
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Jacques Piccard descended in the untethered submersible Trieste to 10,912 meters below the ocean surface into the Marianas Trench.
