Major Events in Forensic Science

  • 44 BCE

    First autopsy

    First autopsy
    This was the beginning of forensics
  • 1247

    First forensic science book published by the Chinese

    First forensic science book published by the Chinese
    T'zu's The Washing Away of Wrongs (Hsi yüan chi lu), printed in 1247, is the oldest extant book on forensic medicine in the world.
  • First time physical evidence used in chemical case by John Toms.

    First time physical evidence used in chemical case by John Toms.
    In 1784, in Lancaster, England, John Toms was tried and convicted for murdering Edward Culshaw with a pistol. When the dead body of Culshaw was examined, a pistol wad (crushed paper used to secure powder and balls in the muzzle) found in his head wound matched perfectly with a torn newspaper found in Toms' pocket.
  • Chemical testing utilized

    Chemical testing utilized
    James Marsh used chemical processes to determine arsenic.The Marsh test is a highly sensitive method in the detection of arsenic, especially useful in the field of forensic toxicology when arsenic was used as a poison. It was developed by the chemist James Marsh and first published in 1836
  • First pathology reports published

    First pathology reports published
    This may explain why the Gross's7 Elements of Pathological Anatomy, first published in 1839, has been considered by some as the first textbook of pathology in America.
  • Fingerprints found to be unique

    Fingerprints found to be unique
    Henry Faulds, William James Herschel and Galton. This was a big break through
  • Criminal features reduced to numerical measurements of physical features of bones by Alphose Bertillon.

    Criminal features reduced to numerical measurements of physical features of bones by Alphose Bertillon.
    Influenced by criminal anthropology, his first contribution was the design and implementation of novel police identification methods at the Paris Prefecture de Police.
  • First uses of photos in identification in San Francisco

    First uses of photos in identification in San Francisco
    1854 First uses of photos in identification (1854-59 ) San Francisco uses photography for criminal identification, the first city in the US to do so.
  • Sherlock Holmes and the corner

    Sherlock Holmes and the corner
    corner's act established that corners were to determine the causes of sudden, violent and unnatural deaths. Arthur Conan Doyle also published the first Sherlock Holmes story
  • Fingerprint ID used in crime

    Fingerprint ID used in crime
    Juan Vucetic use fingerprints as evidence in a murder investigation which he termed dactyloscopy.
  • First use of fingerprints

    First use of fingerprints
    In 1892 Juan Vucetich, an Argentine chief police officer, created the first method of recording the fingerprints of individuals on file. In that same year, Francisca Rojas was found in a house with neck injuries, whilst her two sons were found dead with their throats cut.
  • Investigations into blood markers

    Investigations into blood markers
    human blood grouping, ABO, discovered by Karl Landsteiner.
  • A way for scientists to visualize fingerprints even after the print has been removed is developed, relating to how fingerprints can corrode metal surfaces

    A way for scientists to visualize fingerprints even after the print has been removed is developed, relating to how fingerprints can corrode metal surfaces
    This helped find out who commited the crime.
  • Learning about forensics

    Learning about forensics
    first school of forensic science founded by Radolphe Archibald Reiss in Switzerland.
  • Hair now used in forensics

    Hair now used in forensics
    Victor Balthazard and Marcel Lambert publish first study of hair
  • Guns are unique

    Guns are unique
    Victor Balthazard used tools to make gun barrels never the same
  • Lie detection

    Lie detection
    prototype polygraph invented by John Larson
  • Crime labs built

    Crime labs built
    First police crime lab established in Los Angeles.
  • Crime experts built a lab

    Crime experts built a lab
    FBI established its own crime laboratory and a chair of legal medicine at Harvard was established.
  • Rapid DNA

    Rapid DNA
    Faster DNA IDs which took 6 to 8 weeks to 1 to 2 days.
  • Voice recording used as evidence

    Voice recording used as evidence
    a sound spectrograph discovered to be able to record voices.
  • First national crime system

    First national crime system
    FBI established the National Crime Information Center (computerized national filing system)
  • Advances in residue detection

    Advances in residue detection
    technology developed at Aerospace Corporation in the US to detect gunshot residue.
  • Auto fingerprints system first implemented by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

    Auto fingerprints system first implemented by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
    Automated fingerprint systems in Canada addresses the evidential impact of fingerprints, the configuration and operations of the current system, its deficiencies, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's (RCMP) future plans for computerization.
  • DNA technique for unique ID

    DNA technique for unique ID
    DNA fingerprinting techniques by Sir Alec Jeffreys
  • DNA evidence certified

    DNA evidence certified
    National Academy of Sciences announces DNA evidence is reliable
  • DNA catches the criminal

    DNA catches the criminal
    Tommy Lee Andrews convicted of a series of sexual assaults using DNA profiling
  • The Innocence Project, The Innocence Network, the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, and pro bono partner Winston and Strawn

    The Innocence Project, The Innocence Network, the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, and pro bono partner Winston and Strawn
    LLP announce a partnership with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Department of Justice to review approximately 3,000 cases in which microscopic hair analysis conducted by the FBI was used to inculpate the defendants.
  • Faster fingerprint ID's

    Faster fingerprint ID's
    FBI establishes the integrated automated fingerprint identification system which took two weeks to two hours.
  • Detection after cleaning

    Detection after cleaning
    A way for scientists to visualize fingerprints even after the print has been removed is developed, relating to how fingerprints can corrode metal surfaces.
  • Footwear detection system

    Britain's Forensic science service develops online footwear coding and detection systems
  • Facial sketches matched to photos

    Facial sketches matched to photos
    Michigan State University develops software that automatically matches hand drawn facial sketches to mugshots.
  • Four second dental match

    Four second dental match
    Japanese researchers develop a dental x-ray matching system.
  • The U.S. Department of Justice announces launch of National Commission on Forensic Science

    The U.S. Department of Justice announces launch of National Commission on Forensic Science
    The U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced today the establishment of a National Commission on Forensic Science as part of a new initiative to strengthen and enhance the practice of forensic science.
  • New Protocol for Measuring Background Levels of Drugs in Crime Labs

    New Protocol for Measuring Background Levels of Drugs in Crime Labs
    When forensic chemists handle evidence that contains illegal drugs, trace amounts are inevitably released into the laboratory environment, which can cause detectable background levels of drugs
  • New Method Developed to Detect and Trace Homemade Bombs

    New Method Developed to Detect and Trace Homemade Bombs
    Researchers have developed a new way of detecting homemade explosives which will help forensic scientists trace where it came from
  • Bullet Shape, Velocity Determine Blood Spatter Patterns

    Bullet Shape, Velocity Determine Blood Spatter Patterns
    Blood spatters are hydrodynamic signatures of violent crimes, often revealing when an event occurred and where the perpetrator and victim were located,
  • High-Tech Sniffer Help Keep Us Safe

    High-Tech Sniffer Help Keep Us Safe
    Science stinks. So thought Megan Harries as she measured drops of putrescine and cadaverine -- the chemicals that give decomposing corpses their distinctive, terrible odor -- into glass vials.
  • Bringing Burnt Bones Back to 'Life' Using 3D Technology

    Bringing Burnt Bones Back to 'Life' Using 3D Technology
    Forensic scientists have discovered a new way of presenting fragile evidence, by reconstructing a 'jigsaw' of human bone fragments using 3D printing. In the first known study of its kind,
  • Researchers Identify New Biomarkers to Detect Consumption of Emerging Illicit Drug

    Researchers Identify New Biomarkers to Detect Consumption of Emerging Illicit Drug
    A team of researchers has come up with a new solution to boost the surveillance of designer drug abuse. The team has identified three new urinary biomarkers that could be used to detect consumption