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Major Contributors of Gifted Education
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Sir Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton is know as the first researcher in intelligence testIng. In his work "Heredity Genus," Galton used statistical methods to conclude that intelligence is passed through heredity and natural selection. Galton believed that a child's eminence was a direct result of his heritage.
Reference
Jolly, J. L. (2005). Foundations of the Field. Gifted Child Today, 14-65. -
Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet developed a test for the identification of students with low intelligence. The French governement noticed that children who appeared shy or docile in the clasrrom were mis-labelled as slow learners due to their dispositon. To fix this problem, Alfred Binet developed a test to determine a baseline of intelligence. Binet's test also indicated the subject's metal age. Researchers could measure whether a child was intellectually ahead, or behind of their actual age.
Jolly, J. L. (2005). -
Lewis Terman
Lewis Terman is known as the father of the gifted education movement. Terman Is credited with two major contributions to the field of education. He modified and Americanized the Binet-Simon test and produced the forerunner to the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. He also influenced gifted education through conducting a longitudinal study of 1,528 gifted students. This study looked at the psychology, physical, professional and social development for 50 years. -
Leta Hollingworth
Leta Hollingworth is known as the "Nuturant Mother of gifted education" (p. 7).
She is know for inventing methods to identify, counsel and teach gifted students. Advocate of early identification of gifted students to ensure they receive an adequate education in order to reach their potential as adults. Reference
Davis, G. A., Rimm, S. B., & Siegle, D. (2011). Education of the gifted and talented (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. -
Calvin Taylor
Clavin Taylor developed the Multiple-Talent Totem Poles.
This concept does not define giftedness but states that a majority of students will posses a special talent or skill. He identifys nine talents 6 original talents: academic, creative, planning, communicating, forecasting, decision making, implementing, human relations, and discering opportunities. Reference
Davis, G. A., Rimm, S. B., & Siegle, D. (2011). Education of the gifted and talented (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. -
Howard Gardner
Dr. Howard Gardner developed the Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
He described intelligences in seven areas: Logical-Mathematical, Linguistic, Interperpersonal, Intrapersonal, Bodily-kinesthetic, Spatial, and Musical. Davis, G. A., Rimm, S. B., & Siegle, D. (2011). Education of the gifted and talented (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. -
Francois Gagné
Gagné's Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent differentiates between gifts and talents. Gagné defines gifts as natural abilities possessed by students and talents as learned capabilities. Reference
Davis, G. A., Rimm, S. B., & Siegle, D. (2011). Education of the gifted and talented (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. -
Joseph Renzulli
Joesph Renzulli defined giftedness through his Three-Ring Model. His model explains gifted behavior as a combination of three areas. The areas are task commitment, above average ability and creativity. Reference
Davis, G. A., Rimm, S. B., & Siegle, D. (2011). Education of the gifted and talented (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. -
Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray
Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray wrote the controversial book "The Bell Curve." This work sought to explain the variations of intelligence in America. The book correlated low intelligence with anti-social behavior. The Book also stressed differences in the IQ's of various racial groups.
Beatty, B. (2013). The bell curve. Human Intelligence. Retrieved from http://www.intelltheory.com/bellcurve.shtml -
Donna Y. Ford
Dr. Donna Y. Ford is a researcher and expert in the field of multicultural gifted education, especially the advancedment of gifted students in the Africa American community. Dr Ford is a proponent of using nonverbal ability tests for gifted identification. Dr. Ford has found nonverbal ability test as a culturally fair indicators of giftedness. References
Davis, G. A., Rimm, S. B., & Siegle, D. (2011). Education of the gifted and talented (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson -
Robert J. Sternberg
Robert J. Sternberg identified three categories of intelligence. Analytic giftedness, synthetic giftedness and practical giftedness. According to Sternberg, most students possess a blend of these qualities and these can change overtime. A gifted student has a well managed balance of the three intelligences. Reference
Davis, G. A., Rimm, S. B., & Siegle, D. (2011). Education of the gifted and talented (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. -
Abraham Tannenbaum
Abraham Tannenbaum sought to define giftedness using a "taxonomy that answers who, what and how questions" (Gary, Rimm & Siegle, 2011). He found that gifted students have five factors which lead to demonstrating giftedness: superior intellect, strong special aptitudes, supportive nonintellectual traits, challenging and supportive environment and chance. Reference
Davis, G. A., Rimm, S. B., & Siegle, D. (2011). Education of the gifted and talented (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
