main historical parts

The fall of the western Roman empire

476

Charles and the Battle of Tours

732

Charles Martel,was a Francophone political and military leader who worked under the orders of the Merovingian kings as mayor of the palace.
In 732 A.D., he defeated the Moorish invaders in the Battle of Tours, which permanently put an end to the Islamic invaders and their expansion into Western Europe.
Charles Martel is considered one of the founding fathers of feudalism and cavalry in Europe. He prepared the land for the establishment of the Carolingian Empire. He was Charlemagne's grandfather.

Charlemagne, the emperor of the Romans

800

Charlemagne was a Frankish king who extended his kingdom and covered almost all of Western and Central Europe. He was declared the emperor of the Romans in 800 AD and enjoyed the empire until his death. He associated his political steps with the Church and encouraged the resurgence of art, religion and culture also with the help of the Church.

Treaty of Verdun

843

Louis the Pious was declared the successor, who ruled as the Emperor of the Romans. However, after his death, the Carolingian Empire faced a civil war due to the internal struggle between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious who fought for the empress. Finally, the Carolingian Empire was divided into three parts in August 843 AD through the Treaty of Verdun, which ended a three-year civil war.

The Holy Roman Empire of Germany

962

Otto I was the successor of Henry the Fowler, the Duke of Saxony who became the first Saxon emperor. Like his father, Otto I managed to protect the Germans against the Magyar invaders. He chose to create a German monastery. This natural loyalty to the German Church and kingdom helped him gain control over the dukes of the rebellion and establish his empire. In 962 AD, the papacy of Italy invited him and declared him as the Emperor of Italy and established his Holy Roman Empire.

Declaration of the Magna Carta

1215

he Magna Carta Libertatum, or the Great Charter of the Liberties of England, was originally issued in 1215 AD This letter is considered the first step towards the constitutional government of England. The Magna Carta restricted the Emperor's power and demonstrated the importance of a Constitution.

The Hundred Years War

1337

The Hundred Years War began in 1337, when the Kingdom of England waged war against the Kingdom of France. While there were many periods of peace and ceasefire between England and France during the period, this war continued again and again with different conflicts until 1453.