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Rousseau
Believes that education is natural and should just come to the child. Children should have their own time and learn when they are developmentally ready for it.
He believes each child has their own way of learning and instruction cant mess that up.
(1712-1778) -
Pestalozzi
Had a big belief in natural learning but also believed in some instruction. None like Rousseau he thought that some instruction would do good in the child's learning. He disagrees that the child should wait to learn on their own, if they had guidance they would grow better.
He thinks that using sensory manipulative experiences could help so he made lessons using that.
(1746-1827 -
Froebel
Froebel like Pestalozzi believed in instruction in play, but he was big on play involved learning. Children would learn better and be more interested in the lesson if there were toys involved.
In the textbook it says that playful learning can facilitate learning.
So instruction is good, but so is allowing the children to learn by playing with toys.
(1782-1852) -
Motessori
Montessori believes the earlier the learning the easier it will be to master skills needed. She thinks that children need to learn early and orderly.
She had children use materials that have them using their five senses to learn about colors, shapes and sizes. If children start to read early it will help them with their sounds.
She wanted children to learn reading and math early using her materials.
"Montessori's curriculum is based on behaviorist theory" according to the textbook. -
Dewey
Progressive Education. ( child-center curriculum)
Dewey believed that lessons should be planned and based on the child's interests so that it would keep them active throughout the day. Learning about dinosaurs, cars and anything else that could help them learn.
Dewey hated the idea of children learning on their own like Rousseau believed was best, he thought that progressive education was best. -
Emergent Literacy
Marie Clay first used this phase to describe that children are mostly all learning some language, reading and writing before they are even stepping into a classroom. -
Piaget
Created the theory of Cognitive Development. The first stage is the Sensorimotor period which is newborn to two years old. Secondly the Preoperational period which is 2-7 years old and allows children's language to develop. The third stage is the Concrete operational period ages 7-11 which allows children to begin their thought process. Lastly the Formal operations period which starts at 11 years old and goes into adult hood.
Children gain their knowledge by interacting in the world. -
Vygotsky
Children need to interact with others and get feedback on new concepts. He believes the interaction can help them in different ways.
One thing he believes in is scaffolding which is teachers or others supporting and helping new learners.
Cognitive development. -
Whole-language instruction
Child centered. The textbook talks about an example of a beehive found at school and even though it is not taught in the classroom the students might be able to learn about it because it is something that interests them.
(Collins and Shaeffer 1997, Fingon 2005) -
BCA
Balanced Comprehensive Approach. BCA includes the selection of the best theories and research available. -
Integrated language arts
Includes an equal amount of learning on reading, listening and writing so that they all can help the student succeed. Certain subjects that are studied through children's literature to help them learn.
Stocking classrooms up with a lot of different books to give them different options to pick from. (Rich-literacy environment)
(Gelzheiser, Hallgren-Flynn, Connors, and Scanlon, 2014)
