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Pestalozzi (1746-1827)
He believed in natural learning, but added in developmental principles for learning that involved informal instruction and natural learning. -
Rousseau (1712-1778)
He recommended that a child's early education be natural. He advocated for children to learn with the freedom of being themselves. -
Froebel (1782-1852)
He believed in the natural unfolding of a child's learning. He was the first person to create a systematic curriculum that included both materials and objects. -
Reading Readiness
This term became popular through the 30s and 40s to determine whether a child had the skills for reading. The skills needed often involved auditory discrimination, visual discrimination, visual motor skills, and large motor skills. However, some children needed all of these to be able to read while others only have a few and were capable of reading. -
The Research Era (1960s - 1980s)
This era was a period when researches were investigating early childhood literacy development and brought about many changes in the practice. -
Montessori
She believed that children needed systematic training in order to master skills. In these environments, children work with specific objects to learn certain skills. It is much less about curiosity and exploration and more focused on achieving a goal or gaining a skill. -
Emergent Literacy
This phrased was first used by Marie Clay. This assumed that the child acquires some knowledge about language, reading, and writing before coming to school. -
Dewey
His philosophy of education created what is called child-centered curriculum. He thought that curriculum should be based around a child's specific interest and needs. -
Skinner
Skinner was a behaviorist that found human learning was not automatic and unintentional. Much of research showed that positive reinforcement for a desired behavior increased the use of that behavior. -
Piaget
Piaget created his theory about cognitive development that included the different intellectual capabilities of children at different stages. There were four different stages. He believed that a child requires knowledge by interaction with the world. -
Vygotsky
His general theory was based on that learning occurs as children acquire new concepts. These new concepts are called schema. This are learned through social interactions called scaffolding. -
National Reading Panel
They determined that phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency are all important factors that should be focused on more in literacy mastery. -
No Child Left Behind
This was a Federal grant that helped to give money in areas needed. Things like Reading First Grants came about to help with literacy development in children. The money would come from the Federal Government to help schools and students with resources. -
National Early Literacy Panel Report
They determined that children should be able to know the letters and sounds of the alphabet, they should have phonological awareness, that they can rapidly name letters and numbers, that they can write their name and letters, they should be able to remember what was said to them for a while, and can produce or comprehend spoken language. These specifics are important concepts and ideas that children should master in Early Literacy. -
Common Core Standards
This was a set of standards that were given to help unify what different districts from across the nation were teaching. This would help with students that move a lot so that there would be less or no gaps in their public education. However, many states refused for multiple reasons and have since written their own standards that usually are very similar. -
Read to Succeed
This was a legislation that was created to address literacy mastery and performance and to help make sure students in South Carolina graduate on time with the skills needed to be successful in life. -
Citations
Palmer, S., Bayley, R., Raban-Bisby, B., & Broadbent, L. (2014). Foundations of early literacy: a balanced approach to language, listening and literacy in the early years. Albert Park, Vic.: Teaching Solutions. (Pages 14-23). Class Powerpoint