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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau believed in teaching children to learn things only once they are ready at a developmentally appropriate stage. -
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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Pestalozzi worked to enhance students' abilities by creating teaching methods designed around their abilities. -
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Friedrich Fröbel
Fröbel believed that children excel best while at play. -
Arnold Gesell
Dr. Gesell is the brains behind the maturational-developmental theory. His theory shows children's developmental age may not necessarily develop at the same rate of their chronological age.
Gesell Institute -
B.F. Skinner
Skinner believed that children learn through imitation, association, and conditioning (operant conditioning). -
Maria Montessori
Maria Montessori's theory of education relied heavily on independent activity, collaborative play and hands-on learning techniques. Teachers guide the students, but allow them to work in groups and let them develop their own understanding of subjects.
Montessori NW -
Voting Rights Act
The Voting Rights Act ended the use of literacy tests in the South in 1965. Literacy tests were used to show if the individual was able to read, write, & comprehend the English language. If passed, you were deemed the ability to vote as a citizen. This was formed largely with intent to "weed out" African Americans.
Smithsonian -
John Dewey
John Dewey believed in progressive education, that students learn best with hands-on activities. -
Marie Clay
Marie Clay studied children's literacy behaviors. Her research developed into the Literacy Processing Theory, which laid the groundwork for Recovery Reading. The Emergeny Literacy perspective was first coined by Clay.
Reading Recovery Council -
Jean Piaget
Piaget created the theory of cognitive development. This theory is broken up into four stages: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational stages. These stages are broken up by age groups.
Very Well Mind -
Constructivism & Whole-Language Instruction
This type of instruction is child-centered because it is driven by the child's life experiences. -
Lev Vygotsky
Vygotsky is known for his Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development. He believed in scaffolding, and the Zone of Proximal Development. Constructivism is based off of his theory. -
Balanced Comprehensive Approach
The BCA is and individualized plan based off of the student's learning stye utilized to help them read and write. -
NCLB (No Child Left Behind Act)
Passed by the Bush administration, this was one of the first policies to ensure children could read by the third grade. It's main goal was to prevent literacy problems. NCSL -
LEARN (Literacy Education for All, Results for the Nation)
The LEARN Act is a bill that passed along with ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act) that granted $2.35 billion for people aged from birth to twelfth grade the necessary tools for writing and reading skills.
Alliance for Excellent Education
