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Nature vs. Nurture
Educators began addressing appropriate educational practices for young children. -
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Rousseau
Children should learn naturally through curiosity with little adult intervention. The instruction is very informal. -
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Pestalozzi
Learning is natural, but a little more formal than Rousseau's. The adults should create the learning environment but not get involved in the learning. -
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Froebel
Froebel emphasized play in learning. This was the start of Kindergarten! -
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Reading Readiness
Began the use of standardized tests to assess when students would be ready to begin reading. -
Morphett and Washburne
Morphett and Washburne's research came to the conclusion that children were not ready for reading instruction until age 6 ½. -
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The Research Era
The research focused on language development, family literacy, and early reading and writing. It helped educators understand the process of how children learn and become literate. -
Maria Montessori
Materials for learning are manipulatives and self-correcting so that the children could see their own errors, make corrections, and make connections to the real world at a young age. This learning style focuses on the senses. -
Marie Clay - "Emergent Literacy"
Children should have some knowledge about language, reading, and writing prior to attending school. Children should begin learning at an earlier age. -
Dewey - Progressive Education
Dewey's philosophy led to the concept of a child-centered curriculum, called "progressive education". -
Piaget - Cognitive Development
Piaget's theory of cognitive development lays out the intellectual capabilities of children in different stages in a child's life. -
Vygotsky - Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky came up with a theory that learning occurs as children develop new concepts or mental structures where you store information. -
Balanced Comprehensive Approach (BCA)
No single method or method combinations can successfully teach all children to read. -
National Reading Panel
Phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency were focused on. -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
Dramatically increased federal regulation of state school systems. Reading First Grants, and money from the government. -
National Early Literacy Panel Report
Children must know the letters and sound of the alphabet, phonological awareness, can rapidly name letters and numbers, can write their name and letters, can remember what was said to them, concepts about Print, can produce or comprehend spoken language prior to starting kindergarten. -
Common Core Standards
Work was started in 2007/2008. It is not a curriculum or method. Many states have written their own. -
Read to Success Legislation
Act 284 addresses literacy performance in South Carolina and put in place a comprehensive system of support to ensure that students graduate on time with literacy skills to be successful.