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Rousseau
Children's learning should be natural and they should only be asked to learn something they are ready for. -
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Pestalozzi
He developed principles for learning with natural elements with informal instruction. He expected children to learn to read on their own and for teachers to create situations for reading process to grow. -
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Froebel
He also believed in natural development of a child. He also thought that the benefits of playing to learn required adult guidance and a planned environment. -
Constuctivism
based on interests and home life and also intended for children who are reading conventionally. -
Skinner - Behaviorism
The outcome of learning is a permanent change in behavior that is caused by response to an experience or stimulus. -
Montessori - Senses and System
Believed that children needed early, orderly, systematic training in order to master skills -
Dewey - Progressive Education
Believed that curriculum should be based around the interests of children and children should learn through real life play. -
Emergent Literacy
Exposes children to books early. Centers the learning around children. It also focuses on problem solving and social interactions. -
Piaget - Cognitive
Piaget believed that there were 4 levels of development in a child's life.
Sensorimotor period (0-2)
Preoperational period (2-7)
Concrete Operational period (7-11)
Formal Operations period (11-adult) -
Vygotsky - Schema Acquisition
Believed that learning occurs as children acquire new concepts. The new concepts are considered schema, which are mental structures where people store information. -
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Explicit Instruction and Phonics or Sound-Symbol Relationships
Whole language instructions
Teaching children as a whole class
not teaching phonics -
Balanced Comprehensive Approach
No single method or combination of methods can teach all children to read. -
National Reading Panel
Phonemic Awareness
Phonics
Vocabulary
Comprehension
Fluency -
No Child Left Behind
Gave extra funding to schools -
National Early Literacy Panel Report
Know the letters and sound of the alphabet
Phonological awareness
Can rapidly name letters and numbers
Can write their name and letters
Can remember what was said to them for a while
Concepts about Print
Can produce or comprehend spoken language -
Common Core
Work was started in 2007/2008
Not a curriculum or method
Many states have written their own -
Read to Suceed
Legislation to address literacy performance in SC