-
germinal period (1-14 days)
milestones:
- fertilization -
Embryonic stage (3rd-8th week)
milestones:
- neutral tube will start to form which will become the CNS
- around 4 weeks eyes, nose, ears and month start to form
- 8th week basically organs are formed
- by the end basic structure of brain and nervous system are in place -
the fetal period ( week 9 - birth)
milestones:
- reflexes start to appear and fetus starts moving legs and arms
- 3rd month you're able to see sex
- finger nails, hair, and eyelashes grow -
infant (0-18 months)
milestones:
- vision (being able to recognize caregivers within first few months)
- hearing (knowing caregivers voice)
- sensory development/fine motor skills
- object permanence -
infant (0-18 months)
case study:
- a mother - infant interaction (chapter 5)
- infant pulls on mothers hair, mother makes an ow sound and an upset face which upsets infant
- relates to the milestone of vision and hearing. infant can hear and see their mother.
- relates to true vs mistrust. when mother tries to make infant feel better they open up again, shows they trust their mother -
infant (0-18 months)
major theories:
- trust vs mistrust (0-18 months)
- trust: infants being cared for creates a sense of trust that helps build relationships later in life
- mistrust: infant is neglected and trust is broken from an early age -
toddlerhood (18 months - 3 years)
milestones:
- gross motor skills: walking, jumping.
- Fine motor skills: drawing, grabbing
- being able to speak real words
- problem solving
- imaginative play
- self awareness
- more complex emotions
- desire to explore -
toddlerhood (18 months - 3 years)
major theories:
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Autonomy: toddler wants to make their own choices (like picking clothes and food). this builds confidence in their choices as they get older
- shame and Doubt: parents who don't let them be independent. self esteem and self doubt issues as they get older -
toddlerhood (18 months - 3 years)
case study:
- Harrison struggles in the transition to preschool (chapter 6)
- Harrison has a hard time when he goes to preschool and he throws stuff and peers
- relates to milestones because we can see him having more complex emotions
- related to autonomy because Harrison is giving the choice of what he wants to do in the morning -
childhood (3-5)
milestones:
- moral development
- gross motor skills (running. hopping, balancing one 1 foot)
- fine motor skills (using scissors, building block towers
- pretend play and using imagination
- expanded vocab, using complete sentences
- developing friendships -
childhood (3-5)
major theories:
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- initiative: excited to do stuff without fear of failure, don't feel guilty if they do mess up
guilt: when the child does mess up and they feel guilty or bad -
childhood 2 (6-12)
milestones:
- physical growth
- gross motor skills: swimming, riding bikes, sports
- fine motor skills: handwriting, using tools
- increased ability to think logically
- understanding cause and effect
expanded vocab (jokes, persuasion, story telling)
- strong peer relationships -
childhood 2 (6-12)
major theories:
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- industry: feeling pride in what they do, foster good self esteem while they grow up.
- inferiority: feeling bad about their work compared to peers. child has little to no confidence in themselves when they grow up