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John Watson
In 1913 Watson delivered a lecture entitled "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It." He claimed that the problem was the use of archaic methods and inappropriate subject matter. He cut consciousness and introspection out of the picture. Instead, he proposed the idea of an objective psychology of behavior called "behaviorism." He saw psychology as the study of people's actions with the ability to predict and control those actions. http://muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm -
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Behaviorism
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Behaviourism
Behaviourism is primarily associated with Pavlov (classical conditioning) in Russia and with Thorndike, Watson and particularly Skinner in the United States (operant conditioning). http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/behaviour.htm#ixzz4BqJI5HGQ -
Edward Tolman
Edward Chance Tolman was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to the studies of learning and motivation. Considered a cognitive behaviorist today, he developed his own behaviorism when the likes of Watson were dominating the field (Kimble et al, 1991). Tolman was born in Newton, Massachusetts in 1886. He remained there as he grew up and was educated in the Newton Public Schools. http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/tolman.htm -
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov, in 1927, began working with learning through "classical conditioning." He began experimenting with different stimuli, and if he rang a bell immediately before giving food to the dog, eventually the dog would salivate merely in response to the sound of the bell. http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/Pavlov.html -
Classical conditioning (Pavlov)
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B.F. Skinner
Born in Pennsylvania in 1904, psychologist B.F. Skinner began working on ideas of human behavior after earning his doctorate from Harvard. Skinner's works include The Behavior of Organisms (1938) and a novel based on his theories Walden Two (1948). He explored behaviorism in relation to society in later books, including Beyond Freedom and Human Dignity (1971). Skinner died in Massachusetts in 1990. http://www.biography.com/people/bf-skinner-9485671 -
Edwin Ray Guthrie
In his theory Guthrie avoids mention of drives, successive repetitions, rewards, or punishment. He refers to stimuli and movement in combination. There is one type of learning; the same principle which applies for learning in one instance also applies for learning in all instances. The difference seen in learning does not arise from there being different kinds of learning but rather from different kinds of situations. http://biography.yourdictionary.com/edwin-ray-guthrie#UDpQucJDbDPWk7Oj.99
