Latin III

The Expulsion of the Tyrant

509 BCE

'Nemo post Tarquinios inter Romanos regnavit.' The king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was currently reigning over Greece. His rule was an unfair one that was more of a tyranny than a monarchy, so the plebians rose up in protest against him, exiling him and abolishing monarchy in Rome. (http://tarquiniussuperbus.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/6/4/44640823/5756585.jpg?502)

Mucius Scaevola

508 BCE

'Mucius dextram in flamma diu tenebat.' Scaevola snuck into an enemy camp with the intent of assassinating their leader, Lars Porsena but he was captured. Before his execution, he thrust his hand into a sacrificial flame in a show of bravery and Porsena was so impressed he let Scaevola go. (https://uploads2.wikiart.org/images/matthias-stom/mucius-scaevola(1).jpg)

The Battle of Lake Regillus

496 BCE

'Romani victoriam reportant et templum deis geminis dedicant.' Tarquin was angry at the Romans for exiling him, so he attempted to regain his throne from the Romans, who had now formed a republic. The Romans called upon the powers of the gods and defeated Tarquin, defending the republic successfully. (http://www.romeacrosseurope.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Tommaso-Laureti-Battle-of-Lake-Regillus.jpg)

Patricians and Plebians

494 BCE

''Moverunt animos patriciorum non solum minae plebeiorum sed etiam belli periculum' The plebians of the Roman Republic were waging war with neighboring countries, but patricians were not rewarding the plebians for their work, so the plebians revolted, scaring the patricians. The patricians then agreed to pay the plebians, so the plebians stopped revolting. (http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/lookandlearn-preview/M/M154/M154259-88.jpg)

Coriolanus

491 BCE

'Nec damnabitis Coriolanum,” clamat, “nec punietis: ex urbe excedam et inter Volscos exsulabo.' Marcius Coriolanus helped lead Rome to victory against the Volscians and was greatly honored, however he was too kind to the plebians and was suspected of treason. He then defected to the Volscians and helped them regain territory but Coriolanus’ mother convinced him to cease him attack. (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Coriolanus.jpg)

Spurius Cassius

485 BCE

'Contra populum Romanum,' clamabant, 'Sp. Cassius coniurat: regnum appetit' Spurius Cassius was elected as consul and he wished to give more land to plebians and people of conquered nations, but he was accused of treason and the anger of the plebians was moved. He was suspected of trying to reestablish a monarchy and then thrown off the Tarpeian Rock. (https://www.akg-images.de/Docs/AKG/Media/TR5/1/e/f/e/AKG132891.jpg)

Secession of the Plebs

484 BCE

'Non tamen promissa praestabant patricii' The patricians lied and did not give the plebians the riches they were promised, so the plebians revolted again, scaring the patricians. They turned to Menenius Agrippa, a wise Roman, for help, and he suggested having tribunes to represent the wishes of the plebians and granting greater equality to the plebs. (no exact date) (http://www.bitsofnews.com/images/graphics/culture/zpage075.gif)

An Heroic Family

477 BCE

' Fabii soli cum Veientibus pugnabant' Rome was once again waging war with the Venti, but Caeso Fabius came up with a plan to ambush the enemy in a field with loot. They unsuccessful in pulling it off and were murdered by all the Venti there. (unsure of date) (https://www.gemaeldeundgrafik.de/item/images/48811/800x600/48811-Kaeso-Fabius-Vibulanus-Cremera-Schlacht-Etr_1.JPG)

Cincinnatus

458 BCE

'Statim Cincinnatus dictator creatus est' Cincinnatus worked as a temporary dictator once and retired to a farm after the crisis. However, the Aequi attacked Rome and tried to regain territory, so Cincinnatus was called to lead an army to defeat the invaders. (http://www.romeacrosseurope.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/cincinnatus-recevant-les-envoyc3a9s-du-senat.jpg)

The Twelve Tables

449 BCE

'Statim decemviri imperium deposuerunt nec iterum creati sunt' The people were pleased with ten men serving as tribune of the plebs, so they were reelected. They ended up abusing their powers so people rioted and the consuls made new rules to protect the plebians. (https://www.ancient.eu/img/c/p/360x240/4532.jpg)

Spurius Maelius

439 BCE

'Diu inter Romanos Ahalae factum laudabatur' Spurius Maelius was a rich patrician who wanted to feed the plebians during a time in which there was a lack of grain, but he was accused of trying to destroy the republic and take the throne for himself. Ahala, a politician, killed Maelius and was revered as a hero for many centuries after. (https://www.gemaeldeundgrafik.de/item/images/48871/800x600/48871-Gaius-Servilius-Ahala-Spurius-Maelius-Fasce_1.JPG)

The Capture of Veii

396 BCE

'Simul ex omni parte urbis muri a Romanis oppugnabantur: alii arcem per cuniculum intraverunt.' Rome was waging war with the Veii, and Camillus was elected temporary dictator in order to lead the seige against them. Camillus chose to dig tunnels under the walls and attacked the Veii from all sides, resulting in Rome's victory. (http://l7.alamy.com/zooms/2ae077f1bc4944069720dd81e28beab6/the-fabii-bravely-undertake-war-against-the-etruscan-city-of-veii-g36p4k.jpg)

Capture of Rome

395 BCE

'Tum omnes ira moventur reliquosque senes in sellis trucidant.' The Gauls from Etruria attacked Rome and everyone but the elders, who stayed in the forum, evacuated. The Gauls were angered by an elder who struck them, so they killed all the elders in the forum. (time unknown) (https://www.akg-images.co.uk/Docs/AKG/Media/TR5/4/8/5/9/AKG188695.jpg)

The Return of Camillus

390 BCE

'Gallos singulos Romani trucidaverunt.' The Capitoline Hill was under siege by the Gauls and victory was uncertain for the Romans until Camillus, an exiled war hero, returned to kill the Gauls during a feast. He was then appointed dictator and led the Roman troops to victory. (http://www.artnet.com/WebServices/images/ll00092lldU9uGFgPNECfDrCWvaHBOcQEPD/bartolomeo-pinelli-marcus-furius-camillus-liberating-rome-from-the-gauls-(+-a-compositional-study-of-the-same-subject,.jpg)

The Fate of M. Manlius

385 BCE

'Nemo postea e Manlia gente Marcus vocatus est.' Manlius was defending the Capitoline when the rich patricians accused him of trying to gain kingship, and he was sent to prison to be tried and executed. He was later thrown off the Tarpein Rock and the Manlius family declared that no one will be named Marcus after that. (https://wonderland1981.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/chucked_off_the_tarpeian_rock.jpg)

The Licinian Laws

368 BCE

'Consulum alter e plebeiis semper creabitur; agri publici nemo amplius quingenta iugera possidebit' Though the plebians have been granted more rights, they still wished for more, since the gap between them and the patricians was still too great. At last Camillus the dictator declared new rules that restricted the power of the patricians. (http://www.lib.usf.edu/writing/files/2016/02/Ryan-Blog-Pic.jpg)

M. Valerius Corvus

349 BCE

'Ubi corvus repente in galea Valerii consedit et identidem os oculosque hostis rostro appetivit.' A large Gaul with a beautiful weapon challenged the Romans to a one-on-one fight, and Marcus Valerius agreed to his challenge. With the help of a crow who pecked at the Gaul's eyes, Marcus Valerius won the battle and sent the rest of the Gauls running to the shore. (https://i.pinimg.com/736x/37/a5/b5/37a5b517ce3884c5dec2626a03ca41f9--crow-art-raven-art.jpg)

The Caudine Forks

321 BCE

'Filius tamen patris consilium neglexit: Romanos sub iugum misit, tum liberavit.' The Samnites cornered the Romans in a narrow passage between two mountains and the Romans, not listening to the advice of their fathers, were captured and forced under the yoke. They later confirmed a peace treaty with the Samnites. (https://i.pinimg.com/originals/07/ea/81/07ea812250b6f30055bc409a72d0c1af.jpg)

A Pyrrhic Victory

280 BCE

'Tandem Pyrrhus prope Beneventum victus est; postea ad Graeciam revertit.' Rome was waging war against king Pyrrhus of Epirus and were defeated near Heracles due to fear of the war elephants. After more battles, Pyrrhus utterly dominates the Romans and returns home to Greece. (http://cdn.history.com/sites/2/2015/08/GettyImages-463950971.jpg)

Chivalry in War

278 BCE

'Movit regis animum Fabricii liberalitas: statim omnes captivos Romanis sine pretio reddidit.' A deserter from Pyrrhus' troops ran to the Roman camp and offered the poison Pyrrhus in exchange for money. Fabricius, the consul at that time however, believed that that was dishonorable and brought the deserter back to Pyrrhus and made a peace treaty with the enemy. (http://l7.alamy.com/zooms/0bf0ed4b097b4c3998faa497454611cf/pyrrhus-fabricius-d89fhr.jpg)