landscape design

early 1800's

Sep 3, 1800

Early on romantic gardens similar to England
Famous designers - Andrew Jackson Downing
Followed by Frederick Law Olmstead - the father of landscape
architecture
Emphasized natural looks and soft edges as a contrast to
urbanism
Ex. Central Park

nile valley

Sep 3, 1900

religious and symbolic significance of trees and shrubs.

zen dry garden

Dec 3, 1900

enclosed by a wall
no vegetation
consists of 15 stones in coarse sand
only vegetation is outside of the walls

euphrates valley

Jan 1, 1901

planting beds similair to agriculture fields.
irrigation channels providing water.
shade from forest trees.

hanging gardens of babylon

Feb 3, 1901

planted and irrigated roof terraces spanning 300 ft. high

Medieval Europe

Jun 3, 1901

Essential element - physic garden of 16 herbs for pharmaceutical use and
scientific research
Attached to houses
Included herb gardens, orchards, walled gardens, grass covered seats,
fountains, flower beds, arbors, clipped hedges, fish ponds
Idealistic image of nature
Well defined edges, divisions, plots

moghul garden

Sep 3, 1901

Persian garden was the model
Expanded narrow water channels into large expanses (modified heat)

Colonial gardens

Nov 3, 1901

Northern settlers - cottage gardens (utilitarian with little aesthetics)
Except those of higher economics - tudor style
Southern settlers - more extensive gardens (more land)

Italy

Mar 3, 1902

Gardens designed by architects
Terraced gardens in the front entrance
Secret gardens behind the residence
Terraces and stairways incorporated due to uneven terrain
Stairways served to link the elements
First introduced in the Belvedere Garden of the Vatican (1503)
oeatures: terraces, stairways, steep slopes, retaining walls, sculptures, avenues
of tall cypress, pleached alleys, arbors, clipped boxwoods or shrubs linearly
arranged, reflecting pools, fountains, but few flowerin

stroll garden

Sep 3, 1902

creation of views and expiriences in the garden