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Early on romantic gardens similar to England
Famous designers - Andrew Jackson Downing
Followed by Frederick Law Olmstead - the father of landscape
architecture
Emphasized natural looks and soft edges as a contrast to
urbanism
Ex. Central Park -
religious and symbolic significance of trees and shrubs.
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enclosed by a wall
no vegetation
consists of 15 stones in coarse sand
only vegetation is outside of the walls -
planting beds similair to agriculture fields.
irrigation channels providing water.
shade from forest trees. -
planted and irrigated roof terraces spanning 300 ft. high
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Essential element - physic garden of 16 herbs for pharmaceutical use and
scientific research
Attached to houses
Included herb gardens, orchards, walled gardens, grass covered seats,
fountains, flower beds, arbors, clipped hedges, fish ponds
Idealistic image of nature
Well defined edges, divisions, plots -
Persian garden was the model
Expanded narrow water channels into large expanses (modified heat) -
Northern settlers - cottage gardens (utilitarian with little aesthetics)
Except those of higher economics - tudor style
Southern settlers - more extensive gardens (more land) -
Gardens designed by architects
Terraced gardens in the front entrance
Secret gardens behind the residence
Terraces and stairways incorporated due to uneven terrain
Stairways served to link the elements
First introduced in the Belvedere Garden of the Vatican (1503)
oeatures: terraces, stairways, steep slopes, retaining walls, sculptures, avenues
of tall cypress, pleached alleys, arbors, clipped boxwoods or shrubs linearly
arranged, reflecting pools, fountains, but few flowerin -
creation of views and expiriences in the garden
