La reforma

Indulgences

Jan 1, 1215

The church start selling indulgences that forgave the ones who sinned by the cost of money, this practice was abused for centuries and was only available for the rich

95 Theses

Oct 31, 1517

Martin Luther's 95 theses of the Reformation primarily addressed religious and spiritual issues. However, some of the arguments raised in the theses also had social and economic implications, for example, criticism of the sale of indulgences by the Church had an economic component, since the benefit obtained through his practice was questioned. In the 95 theses of the reform address different aspects that are intertwined in the social, economic and political spheres and were an important

Pope Leo X

1520

Pope Leo X, who was the pope of the Catholic Church from 1513 to 1521 was an important figure during the time of the protestant reformation. Horewer it is important to note that he was not a direct cause of the reformation but rather a part of the context in which it developed during his papacy Leo x carried out construction and financing projects resulting in the sale of indulgences a practice that was criticized by Martin Luther and others reformers.

Diet of Worm

1521

During this meeting, Martin Luther was given the opportunity to recant his teachings considered heretical. However, Luther stood firm in his convictions and refused to recant. Therefore the Diet of worms can be considered both a part and a cause of the protestant reformation politically this events had significant implications as it challenged the authority of the catholic church and the emperor.

Ulrich's ideas state Zwingli

1528

Ulrich Zwingli was an important Swiss reformer during the 16th century. His ideas influenced the Protestant Reformation and a significant impact on the Church. Zwingli defended the idea that the Bible was the only religious authority and criticized practices such as the veneration of images and relics. He also promoted greater participation of the laity in the Church.

Protestants refuse to negotiate with the state

1529

Protestant refused negotiations with the state mainly for political reasons. During the reformation, many Protestant leaders sought religious autonomy and rejected state interference in ecclesiastical matters. This stance reflected his desire to separate the Church from political control and establish a more independent Church. Therefore we could say that this refusal to negotiate with the state was a important part of the political cause of the Reformation

Henry Vlll departs from Catholicism he is the head of the Church of England

1534

Henry Vlll's separation from catholicism and its establishment as head of the church of england had both political and religious implications. Politically, Henry Vlll sought to consolidate his power and authority by breaking with papal authority and establishing his own national Church. This allowed him to make independent decisions without depending on the pope's approval.

John Calvin

1534

John Calvin was an important figure in the protestant reformation and is considered both a cause and part of it. His theological ideas and leadership in the city of Geneva had a significant impact on the spread of protestantism as to whether his influence was politica social or economic it can be said that it was a combination of all three politically, Calvin established a theocratic system in Geneva where church and state were closely linked.

San Ignatius founds the company of Jesus

1540

Politically, the society of jesus played a significant role in promoting the interests of the Catholic Church and defending the Catholic at a time of religious division. Socially the jesuits focused on education and evangelization establishing schools and missions around the world. economically the Society of jesus also had influence, as they received donations and financial support from the nobility and the bourgeoisie.

Jesuits

Sep 27, 1540

Founded by ignatius of Loyola, know as society of jesus, played a significant role in the counter-Reformation, jesuits aimed to combat the protestors, they were loyal to the Pope and followed the Catholic doctrine.

The Inquisition

Jul 21, 1542

Established by Pope Paul III, the inquisition was a series of institutions within the catholic church responsible for combating heresy. The inquisition approach often fueled tensions between Catholics and Protestants.

Council of trent-beginning of the counter-reformation

1545

In political terms the council of Trent strengthened the power and authority of the Catholic Church, reaffirming its doctrine and establishing measures to combat heresy. Socially the council also focused on the discipline and training of the clergy, as well as the promotion of a more pious religious life among the faithful. Economically the council also had implications as steps were taken to address financial abuses and the sale of indulgences that had been criticized by reformers.

Peace of Augsburg

1555

The peace of Augsburg was an agreement signed in 1555 that ended religious tensions between catholic and protestant princes in the Holy Roman empire. It was an important part of the Protestant Reformation, as it allowed princes to choose the religion of their territories as to whether it was social, political or economic, it could be said that it had political and social implications, as it sought to establish religious coexistence in the empire

The conclito of trent concludes, freedom of choice is given

1563

In social terms, the council also addressed the discipline of the clergy and promoted a more pious religious life among the faithful. Regarding freedom of choice the council did not focus specifically on that aspect, but rather on the reform and consolidation of the catholic church in response to the challenges posed by the protestant reformation therefore, in summary the council of trent had primarily political and religious implications and was an integral part of the counter-reformation.

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Aug 24, 1569

A widespread slaughter of french protestant (huguenots by Catholics, lasting over two months, resulting in the deaths of between 5,000 and 25,000 people.

Edict of Nantes

1598

From a political point of view, the Edict of nantes sought to establish a policy of religious tolerance and promote stability in the kingdom. It allowed Protestants to practice their religion and participate in the political and administrative life of the country. Regarding the social aspect the Edict sought to promote peaceful coexistence between catholics and protestant, thus avoiding conflicts and social tensions.

Elizabeth I

1603

In the religious sphere, Elizabeth I sought to unify her kingdom under a form of moderate Protestantism. Although the church of england retained some catholic elements such as ecclesiastical hierarchy and rituals, it moved away from papal authority and adopted Protestant doctrines. This had an important social impact, as religion became a factor of identify and division in society.