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17th Amendment
Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years… (every state will have two Senators, and they will serve six-year terms in Congress.) -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. -
16th Amendment
Allows the federal government to collect an income tax from all Americans -
18th Amendment
prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors -
Political Machine
group that controls the activities of a political party -
Jane Addams
Leader of settlement house movement for poor people living in crowded cities. Leader of woman suffrage movement. -
Knights of Labor
he first important national labour organization in the United States, founded in 1869. Named the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor by its first leader, Uriah Smith Stephens, it originated as a secret organization meant to protect its members from employer retaliations. -
The Gilded Age
period of transformation in the economy, technology, government, and social customs of America. -
Industrialization
period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. -
Alexander Graham Bell
American scientist best known as the inventor of the telephone, worked at a school for the deaf while attempting to invent a machine that would transmit sound by electricity. -
Great Railroad Strike 1877
series of violent rail strikes across the United States in 1877 -
Haymarket Riot
a labor protest rally near Chicago's Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. Despite a lack of evidence against them, eight radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing.Demands for an eight-hour working day became increasingly widespread among American laborers -
Interstate Commerce Act 1887
federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
a law passed by Congress in 1890 that was designed to combat the monopolies that were running rampant in American business. ... Industrial giants were free to form monopolies that drove out competition. -
Susan B. Anthony
Leader of Womans Suffrage Movement, -
Jacob Riis
American newspaper reporter, social reformer, and photographer who, with his book How the Other Half Lives (1890), shocked the conscience of his readers with factual descriptions of slum conditions in New York City. -
Andrew Carnegie
Worked his way up from penniless Scottish immigrant to one of America's richest and most powerful men. Invested in ironworks and built the steel mill. He led the expansion of the steel industry. -
Homestead Strike 1892
one of the most bitterly fought industrial disputes in the history of U.S. labor. The Homestead Steel Works, located southeast of Pittsburgh, was an important segment of ^Andrew Carnegie's empire. ... In fact, the Homestead strike was a total defeat for the workers and unionism as a whole. -
Eugene V. Debbs
president of American Railway Union, publicly opposed American intervention in the war, ran for president -
Samuel Gompers
is an English-born American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL), and served as the organization's president from 1886 to 1894, and from 1895 until his death in 1924. -
Pullman Strike 1894
Many of the Pullman factory workers joined the American Railway Union (ARU), led by Eugene V. Debs, which supported their strike by launching a boycott in which ARU members refused to run trains containing Pullman cars. -
William Jennings Bryan
Was nominated by Democratic Party for president an delivered the "Cross of Gold"speech which praised farmers and denounced bankers for crucifying mankind on a cross of gold.Won election -
Klondike Gold Rush
a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896 and, when news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of would-be prospectors. Some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain. The Klondike Gold Rush ended in 1899 after gold was discovered in Nome, Alaska prompting an exodus from the Klondike -
Bessemer Steel Production
first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. -
Ida B. Wells
Leading voice in social reform movement, research on african Americans proved 728 of them were killed last decade -
Muckraker
A person who intentionally seeks out and publishes the misdeeds, such as criminal acts or corruption, of a public individual for profit or gain in journalism -
Settlement House
an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community. -
Populism and Progressivism
Populism aimed to reform the economic system, while Progressivism was focused on bringing the political reforms. ... Populism is a down-up-movement that began with farmers aligning against the economics system, while Progressivism is a top-to-bottom approach as it began with top tiers of urban middle class. -
Initiative , Referendum, Recall
three powers reserved to enable the voters, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office. Proponents of an initiative, referendum, or recall effort must apply for an official petition serial number from the Town Clerk. -
Robber Barons (Captains of Industry)
a person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices (originally with reference to prominent US businessmen in the late 19th century). -
Social Gospel
Many Americans were desperately poor around the turn of the 20th century. The Social Gospel movement emerged among Protestant Christians to improve the economic, moral and social conditions of the urban working class. -
Theodore Roosevelt
President of US, fought in war with Rough Riders, built up military , fought for equality and woman rights, -
Tenement
un-down and often overcrowded apartment house, especially in a poor section of a large city. -
American Federation of Labor and Industrial Workers of the World
nder the leadership of Samuel Gompers, they organized themselves as the AFL, a loose federation that remained for half a century the sole unifying agency of the American labour movement. In its beginnings, the American Federation of Labor was dedicated to the principles of craft unionism. -
Upton Sinclair
Wrote the novel, The Jungle, that described unsanitary practices of the meat packing industry -
Pure Food and Drug Act
preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. -
Dollar Diplomacy
a form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
Federal Reserve Act
sets the nation's monetary policy, supervises and regulates banking institutions, maintains the stability of the financial system and provides financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government and foreign official institutions.” -
Nativism
the policy, generally around immigration but also dealing with social and economic aspects of daily life, that favors native-born or long-term resident individuals in the United States at the expense of immigrants. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
a bribery incident which took place in the United States in 1922-1923, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies, without competitive bidding, at low rates. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational investigation. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies -
Clarence Darrow
American lawyer, stunned the prosecution when he had his clients plead guilty in order to avoid a vengeance-minded jury and place the case before a judge, Scopes trial
