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civil disobedience
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. -
Black Codes
Prohibits the denial of the right of US citizens, eighteen years of age or older, to vote on account of age. -
13th Amendment
Forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.Response of white southerners. Black Codes: laws restricting rights of newly freed slaves. Ex. Travel, marriage, gun ownership -
14th amendment
Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post–Civil War issues. -
Sharecropping
Sharecropping is a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. -
15th Amendment
Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Lynching
to kill someone especially by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial. -
Plessy v ferguson
A landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court decided in 1896. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". -
19th Amendment
Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex. -
20th amendment
Changes the date on which the terms of the President and Vice President (January 20) and Senators and Representatives (January 3) end and begin. -
federal housing authority
Established by FDR during the depression in order to provide low-cost housing coupled with sanitary condition for the poor -
Jim Crow Law
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. ... They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1896 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans in railroad cars. -
Brown V Ferguson
This unanimous decision handed down by the Supreme Court on May 17, 1954, ended federal tolerance of racial segregation. In Plessy v. Ferguson the Court had ruled that “separate but equal” accommodations on railroad cars conformed to the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection. -
Rosa Parks
refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery. Launched the bus boycott. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
After Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. -
desegregation
the ending of a policy of racial segregation. -
Orval Faubus
became the national symbol of racial segregation when he used Arkansas National Guardsmen to block the enrollment of nine black students who had been ordered by a federal judge to desegregate Little Rock's Central High School. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Eisenhower passed this bill to establish a permanent commission on civil rights with investigative powers but it did not guarantee a ballot for blacks. It was the first civil-rights bill to be enacted after Reconstruction which was supported by most non-southern whites. -
Sit In
a nonviolent approach to protest in the south in which African American citizens would "sit in" at establishments where they were denied service to make a statement -
Betty Friedman
feminist author of "The Feminie Mystique" in 1960. Her book sparked a new consciousness among suburban women and helped launch the second-wave feminist movement -
Affirmative Action
An active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women -
Cesar Chavez
Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for migrant farm workers and unionize them -
Martin Luther King JR
a minister who was committed to nonviolent protest (inspired by Gandhi); leader of southern christian leadership conference and Montgomery bus boycott and gave the "I Have a Dream" speech -
nonviolent protest
Nonviolent resistance is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, while being nonviolent. -
Civil Rights act of 1964
This act made racial, religious, national origin, skin color and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. -
Lester Maddox
A populist Democrat, Maddox came to prominence as a segregationist, when he refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act -
Upward bound
college preparation for poor teenagers, Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 -
24th amendment
Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of a poll tax or any other tax. -
Head Start
a program for poor preschoolers, set up by the Elementary and Secondary Edu Act of 1965, which was designed to prepare them for elementary school and it gave nutritious meals and medical exams. -
veteran rights act of 1965
A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement. It eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people. -
Hector gracia
a mexican american physician, ww2 veteran, and founder of the American g.i. forum. he helped create equality for mexican by helping mexican veterans file claims with the veteran administration. he purposely chose the name "American G.I. Forum" in order to emphasize the fact the members were american citizens and where entitled to their constitutional rights. -
Thurgood Marshall
the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Prior to becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his activity in the Little Rock 9 and his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education -
26th amendment
Prohibits the denial of the right of US citizens, eighteen years of age or older, to vote on account of age. -
George Wallace
pro-segregation governor of Alabama who ran for pres. in 1968 on American Independent Party ticket of segregation and law and order, loses to Nixon; runs in 1972 but gets shot and is left paralyzed -
Title 9
Supported dramatic changes in the sport participation opportunities available to girls & women since 1972. Demonstrated that when laws challenge the ideas and lifestyles of people with power, the legitimacy and enforcement of those laws will be questioned