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Scott v. Sanford
A man named Dread Scott was a slave and wanted to sue his master, the question was if African Americans were allowed to sue in federal court if they were freed or not. The court ruled that African Americans were not allowed to sue the federal court because they weren't technically considered U.S. citizens. -
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Reconstruction Period
To help reconstruct they tried to integrate African American and white society together. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments helped reconstruct. -
13th Amendment
The 13th amendment states that neither slavery nor involuntary solitude, except as a punishment of a crime where the person was convicted, will exist in the United States or any place that is in Jurisdiction -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment gave multiple rights to the people and granted citizenship and equal and legal rights to African American slaves who were emancipated after the war. -
15th Amendment
It said that the right to vote will not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state. -
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Jim Crow Era
The Jim crow era had laws that were very discriminate and segregated blacks from whites, some examples of the laws are, A white person and a black person aren't allowed to go to school together and must attend separate schools, a white person can marry someone if they have 1/8th of an opposites race's blood, black passengers have to go on a different train car than whites, white people and black people can't play games together like dice, or cards. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
A black man named Homer Plessy challenged segregated car, and boarded a white only train car compartment, when he was asked to move to a colored section he refused and was then arrested, he planned to get arrested so he could challenge Louisiana’s law saying it violated the 14th amendment, it made its way to the Supreme Court and they eventually said that it didn’t violate the 14th amendment -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment basically gave women the right to vote because it made it illegal for states to deny the right to vote for U.S. citizens on the basis of sex. -
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Scottsboro Boys
The Scottsboro Boys were nine African American teenagers who were falsely accused of raping two white girls. The boys were on a train to find jobs, but a fight soon broke out and when the police asked the two girls what happened they said that the boys raped them. In the first set of trials, the boys were all sent to death with the youngest one being only 13. The trials set a widespread movement across America and helped go towards African American rights. -
George Stinney Case
George Stinney was a young African American boy who was only executed at 14 because he was found guilty of killing two white girls only going off of the word of a sheriff. George was not given a good lawyer at the time and his lawyer did nothing to help him, they didn't call up a witness who could have proved his innocence. -
Brown v. Board
In cases arising in Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, and Washington D.C. African American children were being denied admittance to certain public schools, because of the law letting education to be segregated by race. They argued was that segregation like that violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The answer was yes it did violate the equal protection clause saying it was inherently unequal to separate educational facilities for racial minorities. -
James Meredith enrolls in Ole Miss University
James Meredith was an African American man enrolled in Ole Miss which is an all-white university. After troops took over to contain the outrage James Meredith was able to enroll being the first African American to be admitted into the University of Mississipi. It was a huge push for the civil rights movement. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on, race, color, religion, or sex. Also no discrimination in public places, work, restaurants, etc. -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment abolished the poll tax for all federal elections -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Right Act of 1965 that prohibits racial discrimination on voting. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
This acted aboloshied discrimination in housing sales and rentals and was another key factor towards black rights. -
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California v. Bakke(1978) & Gratz v. Bollinger(2003)
In California v. Bakke a white man named Allan Bakke had twice applied for the University of California Medical School he was rejected both times because the school left 16 spots open only for qualified minorities, his GPA and test scores exceeded the minorities, but he argued they rejected him solely based on his race. The question was if the University violated his equal protection clause. The answer was yes and no, they did admit him to the University but going to court for his race was wrong -
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California v. Bakke (1978) & Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) Part 2
In Gratz v. Bollinger, it was the same problem as California v. Bakke Michigan used racial preferences as a qualification for admittance into the college. The question was if it violated the equal protection clause and the answer was yes it violated it because it was not narrowly defined and accepted almost every applicant considered a minority. -
Meredith v. Jefferson Co Board (Louisville school integration)
The Jefferson County public schools had a way of admittance and one of them was race. The school was not allowed to have less than 15% or more than 50% of black students. The question was if the school was allowed to use that race factor and have it be narrowly tailored to the government's interest. The answer was that the enrollment ways of Jefferson were unconstitutional under the Equal Rights Protection Clause. -
Shelby County v. Holder
The question was if the renewal of Section 5 of the Voter Rights Act under the constraints of Section 4(b) exceeds Congress' authority under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, and therefore violate the Tenth Amendment and Article Four of the Constitution? The court ruled that yes it did, the Voting Rights Act is unconstitutional, they say it poses burdens that are no longer responsive to the current voting districts.