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Establishment of Quebec
Quebec city was founded by Samuel de Champlain. Quebec was the first to be meant as a permanent settlement. Over time, it became the capitol of Canada and New France. -
Acadians are exiled from their homes
This forceful removal of the Acadian people of Acadia, which is now known as the Maritime provinces. This occurred during the French and Indian war. For the British, it was a military campaign against New France. The British deported 11,500 Acadian People. -
Battle on the Plains of Abraham
This was a battle that occurred during the 7 years war. The British invasion lead by General James Wolfe defeated French troops being lead by Marquis de Montcalm. This defeat lead to the surrender of Quebec to the British Army. The French was never able to recapture Quebec which made the French lose control of New France. -
Royal Proclamation determines First Nations are Sovereign
Issued by King George III to establish a basis of government in North America. This promised First Nations a degree of land security that is sovereign as this territory but ultimately the King had power all of the land. The land owned by the First Nations was reserve land that is not ceded or purchased from them by the Government. The Government could take the land at any time without giving notice to the people living there. -
Genocide of the Beothuk Tribe
The Beothuk tribe were an indigenous people based on the island of Newfoundland when the Europeans arrived, the Beothuk were pushed away from their land and all resources causing them to die of starvation. By 1829 the last Beothuk, Shanawdithit died which signified the extinction of the Beothuk Tribe. -
Lord Durham's Report
Lord Durham was a British politician sent to Canada to investigate the Twin Rebellion. Lord Durham began responsible government which is a critical evolutionary step for Canadian Government. Lord Durham saw the separation of upper and lower Canada which lead him to the idea of Assimilation of the Francophone Colonists. -
Canadian Confederation
The union of British North America, where Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were united and the old province of Canada was divided into Ontario and Quebec. These four provinces made up Canada. Over time, more land was acquired and more provinces and territories were made. -
Manitoba Schools Under Question
The Manitoba Schools question, it involved publicly funded separate school for Roman Catholics and Protestants. This crisis spread to the National level and was a major issue in the 1896 federal election. The conservative party was defeated and raised the question if French could survive in Western Canada. -
The Indian Act
The principal statue with the federal government administer Indian status, local First Nations Governments, managed reserve land and communal monies. This aimed to eradicate First Nations culture in favour of assimilation into European Culture. -
Chinese Head Tax
Chinese Head Tax was a fixed fee used as a means of controlling Chinese immigration. It first began in 1885 when Canadian Parliament passed the Chinese Immigration Act. It was meant to discourage Chinese people from entering Canada after the Canadian Pacific Railway was competed. -
Riel Rebellion
Otherwise known as The North-West Rebellion. It was a violent 5 month in surgery against the Canadian Government. This was fought by Metis Militia lead by Louis Riel. It began because the white settlers were rapidly changing the west. The militia was eventually defeated by federal troops. The result was permanent Canadian law in the west na d the conviction and hanging of Louis Riel. -
Conscription Crisis of World War One
When world war one started, many English speaking men willingly volunteered to fight alongside the British. The French speaking Canadians felt they shouldn't fight because they had no connection to British. 400,000 men volunteered, for every 20 men 1 was French. At the time, Prime Minister Robert Borden promised there would be no conscription. 3 years into the war, the number of volunteers dropped and Borden introduced the Conscription Act. This caused the French Canadians to revolt. -
The Battle of VImy Ridge
Canadas most celebrated military victory. Known as the symbol of the birth of Canadian national pride. It is so iconic because it was the first battle won by primarily Canadian Forces lead by a Canadian General. -
Referendum held to decide of Newfoundland should join Canada
In Newfoundland, a referendum was held to decide if they should join Canada. The people of Newfoundland were given 3 options, Confederation, self government and commission rule. Confederation and self government split 85% of the votes with self government 4 points behind confederation, with that Newfoundland joined Canada -
The Quiet Revolution
The Quiet Revolution was a time of rapid cultural change in Quebec. The primary change was in the fields of healthcare and education which had previously been in the hands of the Catholic Church. It also increased Quebecois control over the provinces economy. -
Canada Adopts Maple Leaf Flag
The Maple Leaf was one of the top 3 choices. Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson formed a committee to resolve the ongoing issue about the lack of an Official Canadian Flag, the flag by George Stanley was chosen to replace the Union Flag. -
The White Paper
Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and Minster of Indian Affairs Jean Chretien, unveiled a policy that proposed ending the special legal relationship between First Nations and the Canadian State. This was proposed as an attempt to assimilate First Nations to the Canadian public. -
FLQ Crisis
The FLQ was a terrorist group that wanted Quebec to be a sovereign nation. Their most known act of terrorism was the October crisis which was a series of events centered around the kidnaping of two government officials. They were James Richard Cross and Pierre Laporte in Montreal. -
Canada Adopts Multiculturalism
Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the Federal Government decided that Canada would become a Multicultural country. This meant that in Canada diversity regarding language, customs and religion would be respected, recognized and encouraged. -
The Calder Case
Calder VS British Colombia. This decision by the supreme court of Canada was the first time that Canadian Law acknowledged that Aboriginal title to land existed prior to colonization. Frank Calder and the Nisga'a Nation brought an action against the BC government for a declaration that Aboriginal title over land in the province that had never been extinguished by law. -
Election of Parti Quebecois
Parti Quebecois was elected for the first time as the form of government in Quebec. Rene Levesque was the primer until 1995 and they held two referendums on Quebec's sovereignty in 1980 and 1990. -
Bill 101
This bill made French one of the official languages of Canada. This was passed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. -
The National Energy Program is Implemented
The NEP was implemented by the Federal Government to attempt to control Canadians petroleum industry. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau wanted to secure Canadian oil supplies and redistribute Albertas oil wealth to the rest of the country -
Referendum 1980
This was the first referendum on Quebec's pursuit of sovereignty. It was called by the Parti Quebecois. The province wide referndum took place on May 20,1980 and was defeated by a 59.58% to 40.44% margin. -
Quebec refuses to sign the Constitution
Quebec had two main reasons for not signing the agreement. With the new amendments, Quebec lost its veto over future constitutional change. The other reason was that Quebec would lose bill 101 by protecting English language rights in Quebec. -
Meech Lake Accord
This was a proposed series of amendments to the constitution of Canada negotiated by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. The result was an agreement between the federal and provincial governments to amend the constitution by strengthening provincial power and making Quebec its own distinct society. -
Supreme Court determines that Turbans can be worn with the RCMP uniform
A stetson hat was the official hat for an RCMP officer. Baltej Singh Dhillon was a Sikh officer who was faced with either serving his country or wearing a turban. He decided to challenge this rule in 1989. A year later, a new rule was created that stated that turbans can be worn with the RCMP uniform. -
The Oka Crisis
This 78 day standoff was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec. It began when a golf course was to be built on a ancient burial ground. The land was not officially owned by the Mohawk people. In order to protect their land, a standoff began and it was publicized as a violent conflict after a law enforcement officer was killed. The government granted the land to the Mohawk people and the golf course wasn't built. -
Formation of the Bloc Quebecois
The Bloc was formed as an informal coalition of PC's and Liberal Members of Parliament from Quebec. These members left their parties around the time of the Meech Lake Accord. They are focused on the promotion of sovereignty for Quebec and they intend to disband after a successful referendum -
Charlottetown Accord
This failed attempt by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and 10 premiers to amend the constitution and get Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. This accord was rejected by Canadian voters in a referendum. -
Royal Commission on Aboriginal People
This established and addressed many issues of the Aboriginal status that had come apparent after the Oka crisis and the Meech Lake Accord. The report was the product of extensive research and community consultation. The report made recommendations which the majority were not fully implemented. Though it wasn't 100% successful it is an important document for the relationship of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in Canada. -
Bloc Quebecois becomes Official Opposition
Bloc Party won 54 seats making them the official opposition if the conservative party. They held this until the next election in 1997 -
Referendum 1995
This was the second referendum on Quebec's sovereignty. This took place on October 30,1995. This referendum, like the last, was defeated by a close margin of 50.58% to 49.42%. -
Nunavut is Created
Officially, Nunavut separated from the Northwest Territories. This meant the Inuit gained self-ruled and control over their own institutions. -
Quebecois Nation Motion
This was a parliamentary motion presented by Prime Minister Stephen Harper. This motion stated "That this House recognizes that Quebecois form a nation within a united Canada" -
Canada Apologizes for Residential Schools
Prime Minister Stephen Harper publicly apologizes for the wrongdoings of the previous Government of Canada. He recognized the repercussions that were caused from residential schools and he formally asked for forgiveness from the survivors and those affected by Residential Schools. -
Bill C-30
This act was proposed to protect children form internet predators. This proposed amendment of the criminal code introduced by the conservative government. The bill would grant authorities the ability to monitor and track digital activities of Canadians. The bill stated it was to protect children but it was suspected that authorities would use it to harass peaceful protestors and activists. -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
The final report on Residential Schools and the children who died from abuse and malnourishment in the government boarding schools. There is an estimated 3200 children who died from the poor living conditions.
