John Brown Protestant Reformation Timeline

The sale of Indulgences: Cause

Period: 1095 to 1567

The sale of indulgences was a way for people to pay themselves and their loved ones from sin. One could pay to forgive themselves from past or future sins, they could also pay their dead loved ones out of purgatory if they were unsure of if they made it to heaven.
Economic, More money went to the Church.
Political, Gave the Church more power and influence.
Social, People believed more that the church was there more for them and their loved ones

Humanism

1400

Humanism emphasized the importance of human beings, their capacities, and achievements. It advocated for education that focused on classical art, literature, and scientific inquiry, encouraging individuals to explore their potential and embrace human accomplishments. This was a cause because this encouraged critical thinking and valuing human accomplishments. This is social because this started questioning old ideas and teaching humans

The Printing press: Cause

1436

The printing press played a major role in the Reformation allowing for the rapid spread of the 95 theses and later the translated Holy Bible
social: people began reading published works and having their own opinion especially when it came to the 95 theses
political: The church was constantly loosing it power and influence with the spread of the 95 theses
economic: people purchased published and printed items
and as the 95 theses spread the sale of indulgences decreased

The Inquisition

1478

The Inquisition was a strong group in the Catholic Church that worked to find and punish people who didn't follow the Church's beliefs, spreading across Europe and the Americas. This was a cause because it aimed to fight against heresy. It was political because it was used to uphold religious unity and authority. As well as social because it aimed to regulate and control beliefs within society.

Martin Luther: Cause

Period: Nov 10, 1484 to Feb 18, 1546

Martin luther, Questioned the corruption of the holy church especially in the manner of payments such as indulgences and how they could be better spending the money that the believers offered up to the church.
Martin Luther caused change. Social change because of the doubt that was caused within the church because of his publishment of the 95 theses.
Economic change in the sale of indulgences dropping after the 95 theses were published
political change by destroying the power of the church

Henry VIII

1487

Henry VIII, the King of England from 1509 until 1547, gained fame through his six marriages. His significant role in the Reformation involved his political decision to replace the Pope as the Head of the Church in England. So this is a cause because he created a profound division between Catholics and Protestants. Politically, led to the separation of the Church of England from the authority of the Pope.

John Calvin

1509

John Calvin, a French theologian, pastor, and reformer, played a significant role in the Protestant Reformation in Geneva. His teachings, known as Calvinism, greatly influenced the development of Protestantism so this is effect. He had a social impact due to his teachings of Calvinism

95 Theses: Cause

1517

The 95 these were a list of 95 things that questioned the church particularly regarding the sale of indulgences within the holy roman church

The Reformation

Period: 1517 to 1648

The Reformation is a religious movement that took europe by storm in the 1500's that started the reformation of the church

Pope Leo x

1520

Pope Leo X served as the leader of the Catholic Church and governed the Papal States during the Reformation period. He notably permitted the sale of indulgences, a practice that sparked Martin Luther's initiation of the Reformation so this was an effect. This would be economic due to the sale of indulgences that made the church money. As well as social because this affected people's belief.

Elizabeth I

1533

Elizabeth l was the reigning monarch of England from Ireland from November 17, 1558, until she passed away in 1603. This would be effect because she had an impact by making crucial decisions regarding religion and attempting to resolve conflicts between Catholics and Protestants. This would be Political because she was involved in politics by making crucial decisions and because she really shaped politics during her time.

Jesuits

1540

The Jesuits were a Catholic group of men established by St. Ignatius of Loyola. They helped with Catholic education and missionary work. This is a cause because they were formed to deal with the problems that came up because of the Protestant Reformation. This is also political because they supported the Catholic Church against changes happened during the Protestant Reformation.

The Council of Trent

1545

The Council of Trent was the official response from the Roman Catholic Church addressing the doctrinal challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation. This would be effect because they responded to the Protestant Reformation, Clarified doctrines, and addressed abuses within the church. It's also a cause because it dealt with problems inside the church and reacted to the changes brought by the Protestant Reformation.

The Peace of Augsburg

1555

The Peace of Augsburg was an agreement in 1555 that aimed to solve religious conflicts resulting from Martin Luther's 95 Theses. This would be effect because of the religious conflicts this happened. It's also political because it was a legal and political way to deal with the religious arguments.

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

1572

The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre involved deliberate assassinations and widespread violent actions by Catholic mobs targeting the Huguenots in the midst of the French Wars of Religion. This would be effect because this resulted in religious tensions. As well as being political because of the power struggles between catholic and protestant groups.

The Edict of Nantes

1598

The Edict of Nantes was created by King Henry IV which aimed to give Calvinist Protestants various rights.