Joan of Arc

Birth of Joan of Arc

1412

Joan of Arc, birth name Jeanne d' Arc, was born in 1412 in Domremy, Bar, France, one of the last towns still loyal to Charles VII in the east during the Hundred Year War with England.(Gale Database) The Hundred Year War was a conflict with England over the heir of the French throne. Her parents, Jacques d' Arc and Isabelle, were poor tenant farmers. This is important because if she wasn't born then Joan of Arc wouldn't go on to become the heroine and the patron saint of France.(biography.com)

St. Andrews Formally Becomes a University

1413

St. Andrews University was founded in 1410 but it officially became a university in 1413 by the issue of six papal bulls. St. Andrews University is the oldest university in Scotland and the third oldest in the English speaking world. This event is important because when the rival popes, Pope Benedict XIII and Pope Boniface IX had a stand off students couldn't go to Paris for an education anymore. So they turned to St Andrews University.(www.st-andrews.ac.uk)

Prince Henry the Navigator Leads Conquest

1415

Prince Henry the Navigator was famous for funding voyages, funding the building of the caravel, and founding a school of navigation in Portugal. Henry the Navigator also lead the capture of the Moorish port of Cueta in Morocco. This event is important because it inspired him to fund and lead more voyages and it marked the beginning of the Portuguese empire.(www.thehistoryjunkie.com)

Forbidden City Is Occupied By Court

1420

The Forbidden City in Beijing, China was occupied by court for the first time since it was commissioned by the Yongle emperor of the Ming Dynasty in 1406. It is named the Forbidden City because only the emperor could go anywhere in the city. Even government officials and the emperor's family had limited access. This event is important because the Forbidden City was the center of Chinese power for five centuries.(www.britannica.com)

The Visions of St. Michael and St. Catherine

1425

In 1425 Joan began to have visions and hear voices. She was only 12 when St. Michael and St. Catherine told Joan to be the hero France needs.(Williams 16) To do this they told her to get a meeting with Charles VII and ask to lead the siege of Orleans, defeat the English, and secure the throne for him. This event is significant because because if Joan did not have these visions then she wouldn't go and meet with Charles VII.(Gale Database)

Beginning of the Inca Empire

1425

For the Incas, the year 1425 marked the beginning of their empire. Viracocha Inca, the supreme God of the Incas, started the Inca Empire in South America and it flourished for many many years until the conquest of the Spanish. This event it important because the Incas were some of the most organized civilizations in the Americas. They had an organized and fully structured government and road system. We also credit the Incas for inventions like rope bridges and freeze drying.(www.ancient.eu)

Oldest Catholic University is Founded

1425

In 1425, Pope Martin V founded the oldest Catholic University, KU Leuven in Belgium. It is also the oldest university in the Low Countries. This event is important because many scholars went to KU Leuven like Andreas Vesalius who is considered the father of modern anatomy. It has also been the center of learning for almost six centuries.(www.kuleuven.be)

Meeting With Charles VII

1428

Joan of Arc met with the dauphin, Charles VII in May of 1428. She claimed that God had told her to come and talk to him. Joan told Charles VII that if she led the siege of Orleans then she could promise the French throne to him. Charles VII didn't believe her at first and had his officials examine her. They told him that she was telling the truth and they only saw chastity and humility in her.

Meeting With Charles VII continued

1428

Charles VII's advisers were against it but he took a risk and sent Joan to Orleans as a captain of a troop of men with the Duke d'Alencon and Jean and the Count of Dunios. This event is significant because if Joan didn't meet with Charles VII then she would have never gone to Orleans and defeat the English.(Gale Database)

Joan of Arc Defends Orleans

1429

Joan of Arc and her troop set out for Orleans in March of 1429. Joan had sent a letter to the English commander, the Duke of Bedford, before her arrival. She announced her arrival and threatened him but he refused to acknowledge it and continued with the siege.When they reached, it was a long and hard battle but the French made one last attempt to capture the English fortress.

Joan of Arc Defends Orleans continued

1429

Joan kept fighting even though the order to retreat had been given and she was injured. Their attempt was successful because the English retreated from the siege of Orleans the next day. The French were victorious. This event is important because Joan defended an important French post and if she didn't drive the English out then Charles VII wouldn't have been crowned.(Nichol 10-13)

Queen Suhita

1429

Queen Suhita acceded the Javanese throne in 1429 in modern day Indonesia. Queen Suhita was the sixth monarch of the Majapahit Empire. This event is important because Queen Suhita contributed to making the Majapahit Empire one of the most powerful empires in the region.(www.revolvy.com)

Charles VII is Crowned the King of France

Jul 18, 1429

Right after the victory at Orleans, Joan of Arc set out to complete her promise. Joan and Charles VII marched to Rheims, France, a traditional town, for his coronation. On their way they captured many towns the English held and defeated the English in a battle at Patay. On July 18, 1429, Charles VII was crowned the king of France with Joan of Arc by his side. This event is important because Joan of Arc is considered a heroine of France for saving the French monarchy.(Nichol 14-16)

Joan of Arc is Captured

1430

In May of 1430, Joan and her army tried to capture Compiegne, France from the English. Joan was injured and and the French troops retreated.(Nichol 18) The Burgundian, an ally of the English, captured Joan during the retreat. This event is significant because it lessened the morale of the French army and showed that the English were threatened by her and how much damage she did to their military.(biography.com)

Burgundian Sold Joan of Arc to the English

1431

In January of 1431, the Burgundian sold Joan of Arc to their English allies for 10,000 francs. The English put her in military prison and charged her with more than 70 counts, including witchcraft, heresy, and dressing like a man. Church officials tried her as a heretic. King Charles VII distanced himself from an accused heretic so he didn't defend her.(history.com)

Burgundian Sold Joan of Arc to the English continued

1431

Between February 21 to March 24, 1431, Joan was interrogated and threatened multiple times butt she kept her claim of innocence. On May 29 30, 1431 it was announced to the public that Joan of arc was guilty of heresy. This event is significant because Joan of Arc was falsely accused of counts and still she was proved guilty.(biography.com)

Death of Joan of Arc

May 30, 1431

In May of 1431 Joan of Arc signed a confession that she never received divine guidance. She deified orders again by "dressing like a man" and was given a death sentence.(history.com) On May 30, 1431 Joan of Arc was burned at the stake in a market place in front of 10,000 people at only 19 years old. This event is significant because Joan of Arc only grew more famous after her death.

Charles VII Cleared Joan of Arc's Name

1456

Nearly 25 years after her death King Charles VII ordered an investigation and trial. He declared Joan of Arc was innocent of all charges that the English accused her of and was to be considered a martyr. This event is important because Charles VII cleared Joan of Arc's name and changed her legacy.(biography.com)

Joan of Arc Canonized as a Saint

May 16, 1920

Joan of Arc became a national hero at age of 18 and after her death her fame only increased more. She inspired art and literature. On May 16, 1920, Pope Benedict XV canonized Joan of Arc as the patron saint of France. This event is important because Joan of Arc is now a symbol of French unity and nationalism.(history.com)