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The final floor of the Tower of Pisa was completed in 1319 and the bell tower was added 53 years later. The tower was introduced to the public in 1350.
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The city- state Lucca declares its independence from other nearby city- states.
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This was the fourth war between the Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Venice. Venice is defeated by Genoa.
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Giovanni de Medici becomes a patron in Florence and raises his son, Cosimo, to soon take over his business.
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Cosimo de Medici becomes head of the patron bank and runs it successfully.
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The first printing press in Italy opens in the monastery of Subiaco.
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Lorenzo gains power after Cosimo's death and the death of Cosimo's son, Piero.
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Fernando II became the king of Sicily in 1468.
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Sixtus IV is pope but dishonors the Church through nepotism.
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Cristoforo Colombo (Christopher Columbus) was the first European and Italian to sail to the Americas, mistaken for Asia.
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Savonarola leads an uprising against the Medici who flee. Savonarola's rule is short- term and is executed as a heretic a year later.
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The King of Naples allows the French to invade the other Italian city- states, but the invasion fails.
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Vespucci, an Italian explorer, sails to the America on behalf of Spain. The Americas are named after him.
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Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest painters and artists of his time. He painted "The Last Supper" based off of the last supper as it is portrayed in the Bible.
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The French king Louis XII attacks Italy and seizes Milan.