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Plessy vs. Ferguson
During the case of Plessy v. Ferguson the US Supreme courts enacted a legislation that "separate" facilites for blacks and whites were consitutional as long as they were "equal". (This is related to Board v. Board of Education in that all students can receive separate but equal education.) -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Oliver Brown's child was denied access to Topeka's white schools and he took the case to the school board court. After losing the case he appealed it to the US Supreme court and won. The courts rules: racial sepregation in schools was deemed "inherently unequal". (Implications to special education: Zero Reject, LRE, FAPE) -
Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act
President JFK signed an act which led to the new era of community based treatment of mentally ill individuals. This act led to the deinstitutionalization of mental health care and the building of community mental health care centers. People with disabilites should be part of their community and be taken care of where they live and work. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
This was a law that was passed by President Lyndon Johnson which appropriated federal money to states to improve education for disadvantaged children. This is also known as Title I. -
Hobson vs. Hansen
This case raised legal questions about ability grouping. Were students were administered a standarized aptitude test in early elementary school. Judge Skelly Wright found the tests to be biased in a way that poor black children would inevitably score lower and place in a lower track. (Implications to special education: Non-discriminatory evaluation, FAPE, LRE) -
Diana vs. State Board of CA
Plantiffs filed on behalf of Mexican American children in California, alleging that the school system was inaccurately identifying Spanish speaking children as mentally retarded on the basis of IQ tests administered in english. The courts ruled that Spanish speaking children should be testing in their native language to avoid errors in placement. (Implications to Special education: Non-discriminatory evaluation, LRE, FAPE) -
PARC vs Commonwealth of PA
Pennsylvania agreed to provide free public education for all children with disabilities. Each child need to be offered individualized education and it needs to be in the least restrictive environment (LRE). This led to the constituational right of education for all children with disabilities. (Implications to special education: LRE, Zero reject and FAPE) -
Larry P. vs. Riles
IQ testing on young black childrenw as found to be inappropriately placing them in mentally retarded classrooms, because the tests were discriminated. The court ruled that evaluations must be multifaceted and tests must be validated for use on minority populations they are given to. -
Mills vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia
This cased ruled that children with disabilites had an equal right to public education. Children were entitled to full procedural protections, notice or proposed changes, access to school records, a right to be heard, and represented by a legal counsler (when needed). (Implications to special education: Zero reject, FAPE, LRE) -
Section 504 of the Rehabiliation of Act
This was the first federal civil rights law to protect the rights of the person with disabilities. No individual should be discriminated against because of their handicap in any activity receiving federal financial aid. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
Children with a mental of physical disability will have federal funded access to education and one free meal each day at public schools. This act also gives parents the opportunity to file complaints to the school, if their child with disabilities is being treated unfairly. In 1990 this act was renamed to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act
This act allows parents to recover reasonable attorney's fees, if they prevail in a due process of a hearing -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
In 1990, the EAHCA was renamed to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Some other changes were added. Handicapped was changed to disabilities and autism and traumatic brain injury were added to the list of disabilities. -
American's with Disabilites Act
This act prohibits discrimination of people with disabilites. It gains them access to everything -
Rosa's Law
This was a law that was passed by President Obama removing the words "mental retardation" and replaced it with "intellectual disability".
