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The Industrial Revolution
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Edwin Drake
New York native Edwin Drake, born in 1819, originated as a railroad conductor and noticed oil seeping from the ground while on the job. He got the idea to try drilling into the ground to extract it, and eventually struck oil in Pennsylvania. This lead to a more affordable power source for homes and businesses.
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Christopher Sholes
Christopher Sholes was born in 1819 in Pennsylvania. Sholes was a printer and newspaper editor and the inventor of the typewriter and the modern QWERTY keyboard, first introduced in 1868. He continued to improve the product over the next decade, eventually selling the copyright to the Remington Arms Company in 1873. Info
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Transcontinental Railroad Completed
The Transcontinetal Railroad, the first railroad to reach across the entire United States, was completed on May 10, 1896 in Utah. -
John D. Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller, owner of the Standard Oil Company, was one of the first oil tycoons in America, and eventually became one of the richest men in the country. www.uh.edu/engines/epi177.htm
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Credit Mobilier Scandal
InfoOakes Ames created a company called "Credit Mobilier" to finance railroads to create additional gateways to the West. The company was hired to build the Union Pacific Railroad, and charged inflated prices so Ames could make a huge profit - in the end, it turned out to be around $20 million. On February 18, 1873, Ames was censured for bribery by the US House of Representatives. -
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Mother Jones
Marry Harris "Mother" Jones was a highly influential leader of the American labor movement. She was also a writer and her writings align with her involvement in the movement. digital.library.upenn.edu/women/jones/MotherJones.html
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Munn v. Illinois
A Supreme Court decision which allowed states to regulate railroads. historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5746/
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Haymarket Riot
The Haymarket Riot took place in Chicago, where labor activists violently attacked police officers on the scene. After a bomb waa thrown at the officers, they opened fire, resulting in 7 officers dead and an unknown number of civillians. -
Interstate Commerce Act
An act passed by Congress that created the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate business affairs. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
Federal statute passed in 1890 that outlawed interstate commerce and competition. The act helped to stop monopolies and trusts from further weakening the economy. -
Homestead Strike
Employees of the Carnegie Steel Company went on strike, demanding higher wages.. To prove their point, they started a violent riot against guards hired by Carnegie which lasted weeks in the summer of 1892. www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/Homestead.html
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Eugene Debs
Eugene Debs was a famous socialist and leader of the violent but influential Pullman Stirke. dig.lib.niu.edu/gildedage/pullman/events4.html
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Pullman Strike
Employees of George Pullman, inventor of the sleeping car and founder of the Pullman Palace Car Company, went on a violent strike against him after wages were dropped in 1893 but Pullman's price of rent in the required living space of Pullman City didn't change. The strike began on May 11, 1894 and lasted several months. The president deemed the strike to be illegal and sent troops to the Chicago area to stop the strikes, which had only increased in terms of bloodshed. -
J.P. Morgan
J.P. Morgan was a banker and stockholder for many major railroads. Morgan also eventually turned to manufacturing in the early 1900s. www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/1900/peopleevents/pande10.html
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Henry Ford
Henry Ford founded the Ford Motor Company in 1903, and is famous for the Model T automobile, one of the first cars. Ford is also known for being a creator of mass-production and the assembly line. -
Wright Brothers
WIlbur and Orville Wright were the first to achieve flight in a man-powered aircraft, marking the start of the age of flight. This was achieved with the 1903 model of their Wright Flyer. -
Lochner v. New York Decision
The US Supreme Court invalidated a New York law that stated that bakers could not work more than 10 hours a day or 60 hours a week.
