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Itard and Seguin (Late 18th to mid 19th century)
Systematic educative procedures for the hardest to teach children -
Gallaudet
First American residential school for students who were deaf -
Howe
First residential school for students who were blind -
Normalization and deinstitutionalization (20th century)
Breaking down barriers to participation in society -
Inclusion 20th century-current
Integration of students with disabilities into general education classrooms -
Other organizations such as Special Olympics (Shiver) (20th century)
Advocacy for caring and fair treatment of individuals with disabilities -
Council for Exceptional Children founded by Ferrell and other teachers
Development of special education as a profession -
Organization of parent groups
Provide support, information, and structure for obtaining resources -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act, PL 94-142
The original Act and its amendments ensure that all children and youths with disabilities have a right to free, appropriate, public education -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Ensures the right to nondiscriminatory treatment in other aspects of life; a civil rights law -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) (21st century)
Standards-based reform, consequences to special ed. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act