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Important events and philosophers in education
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This philosopher was recognized during The Enlightenment when he influenced how people view how different the brain of a child is from an adult's brain. He wrote a book called Emile that was about education and how it should be. -
The Views of John Locke
John Locke was a philosopher during the enlightenment. He influenced education in a way that later influenced how education is for children now. His philosophy believed that education should be about character and intellect. With this, it helped to come up with the idea that children learn better through play and hands-on activities and not just structure and studying.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/education/Education-during-the-Enlightenment -
Faculty Psychology
Christian Wolff's idea of "faculty psychology" stated that the best way to strengthen the minds of younger students was through tedious drills and repetition of what we might now call the basic skills in order to cultivate memory. With this idea in mind, it influenced a lot of the education in the 19th century and some of the education now.
https://eds-resources.com/facultytheory.htm -
Proposals Relating to the Youth of Pennsylvania
Benjamin Franklin writes "Proposals Relating to the Youth of Pennsylvania" in 1749, proposing Latin Grammar Schools be replaced by academies, concentrating more on applicable skills than languages like Greek and Latin. -
The mind of a child
Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau explains that a child's mind works differently than an adult's mind. Children learn through hands-on experience and play. I think Jean is a very important person because of the way he explains the creativity and play of children. He also helps to acknowledge the fact that women don't get the best education that they deserve, but men do. -
American Spelling Book by Webster
Noah Webster publishes this book, which will dominate in schools. It is also revised and published under the name "Blue-Back Speller". -
Land Ordinance Act of 1785
Under this act, land is to be reserved for public schools -
First Ever School for Girls open
Philadelphia. Gave girls an equal chance to learn basic skills. -
The end of the Enlightenment
I feel that one of the biggest impacts on education was the period of The Enlightenment. During this period, philosophers were exposing their ideas on education and helping to explain its importance. Because of these events and the enlightenment itself, fueled widespread education when it ended. This also led to the founding of universities and libraries.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Enlightenment-European-history -
Common Schools Movement
This movement created public schools that are funded by government property taxes to allow children to attend school for free. This led to expanding the number of children getting an education because the ones who couldn't afford it now were able to attend without paying a dime. -
Fredrich Frobel
Fredrick Frobel established the first school which was called kindergarten. He introduced the concept of "free work" which led people to identify that children learn better through hands-on experience rather than just being talked to at a desk. He made toys based on his ideas and they worked out very well.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Fr%C3%B6bel -
Horace Mann is made secretary of the Board of Education in Massachusetts
Since he is "father of the public school", this was a major stepping stone. These used to be known as "common schools". -
First kindergarten
This kindergarten was a German-language program. -
Kalamazoo, Michigan case
This case made it legal to support schools with taxes. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In this Supreme Court case, "separate but equal" schools were approved. This meant racial segregation, and the schools really were not equal at all. -
Measurement Movement
This movement created IQ tests that help to see which children need a little bit more help. This movement was to measure the intelligence in a human's brain. I feel that when these IQ tests were created, they led to many developmental influences on children. The two philosophers that were responsible for this movement are Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.
https://www.preceden.com/timelines/500492-10-important-events-in-education-history -
Maria Montessori
She opened up a children's school in Rome and taught them basic needs like dressing and undressing them themselves, care for the environment, and care for nature. She didn't teach any subjects to the children but she oversaw the lessons. -
Democracy and Education
John Dewey published his book, "Democracy and Education." Made a hands on learning style approved. -
Progressive Education takes hold
Progressive programs begin. These emphasize real-world need and practicality, and are part of the progressivist movement. -
The Haddow Report 1931
The report lists 70 recommendations including: •primary education should end at the age of eleven and should comprise two stages - infants (up to seven) and juniors (from seven to eleven);
•there should be separate infant schools where possible and close cooperation between infant and junior schools. -
Education Act 1944
Free compulsory education secondary education to 15
Free education to 18
Selection using the 11+ test
Three types of secondary school Grammar - classical academic education
Technical - general education with an emphasis on practical skills
Secondary modern - general education/preparation for work -
The Brown V.S. Board of Education Decision
Before this decision was made, children were attending separate schools because of the color of their skin. This decision came to light and explained that it was completely unfair to allow children of color to attend a completely separate school and not be able to interact with other children that were no different than them. -
Sputnik is launched into orbit.
The Soviet shuttle made Yuri Gagarin the first man in space. To compete with other countries for such achievements, more federal funding was allocated for education. -
National Defence Education Act
Education has never been the best funding spot. A lot of educators are still having to spend their own money for school supplies and supplies for projects and books that they would want for their classroom. This act was passed to push children to pursue education after high school to improve their intelligence.
https://history.house.gov/HouseRecord/Detail/15032436195 -
President Lyndon Johnson
President Johnson was the president that opened federal spending more for education and families in poverty. He was living is Washington D.C. at the time and promised that Washington would improve their schools and lift families out of education. This led to creating one of the most important programs in education, The Head Start Program.
https://www.nationalreview.com/2019/10/the-great-society-and-opportunity-lost/ -
War on Poverty
President Johnson considered the depth and extent of poverty in the country to be a national disgrace that merited a national response. This war lead the programs and acts being created to allow the people that don't have a lot of money to experience a way of great living on a budget. This was also the reason why the Head Start Program was able to be created. -
The Head Start Program
This program helped families of low income reach the needs of their preschool aged children. The head start program allows parents to enroll their children and meet the emotional, social, health, and psychological needs of their children. The creation of this program was because of President Johnson's war against poverty. -
Title IX Education Amendment
This act influenced not only education but the world. It stated that students of different sex or ethnicity not be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity. I feel that this act helped to influence the inclusion that is being taught in schools later on and into the present.
https://www.justice.gov/crt/title-ix-education-amendments-1972 -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
I am learning about the importance of this act in my exceptional children's class. This act allows a free appropriate education for children with disabilities. The children with these disabilities need special education and more one-on-one time as well. This act provides the services for children with disabilities to be educated in a normal public school setting. -
No Child Left Behind Act
This act was put in place because the National Defense Education Act was not very successful. This act pushed more for the government to allow more money for free education for children and to still help parents that have low income but want the best education for their children. Though it wasn't signed until 2002, they have been working on this act since 2001.
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/schools/nochild/nclb.html
