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Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb
Known as the American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Dead and Dumb. Located in Hartford CT, it became the first permeant school for deaf Americans. The work of the American School for the Deaf continues today. This residential campus offers a range of educational programming for deaf and hearing-impaired students ages 3-21. -
Council for Exceptional Children
The Council began with 12 members. Elizabeth E. Farrell was the founder and first president. They are dedicated to advancing the success of children with exceptionalities. -
Brown V. Board of Education
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1siiQelPHbQ : A Supreme Court case in which justices unanimously ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. This all started when Oliver Brown filed a class-action suit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, because his daughter (Linda Brown) was denied entrance to Topeka’s all white elementary schools. Brown claimed that segregation violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. -
Congressional Investigation
Congress set out to uncover how many children with special education needs were being underserved. The Bureau of Education for the Handicapped found that there were 8 million children requiring special education services. Of this total, 3.9 million students adequately had their educational needs met, 2.5 million were receiving a substandard education and 1.75 million weren’t in school. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
It is known as the Mainstreaming Law. This protected the rights of children with disabilities and their families. Requires the state to provide free and appropriate public education for children with disabilities ages 5-18. -
BOE of Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
Was the first special education case decided by the Supreme Court. The Court held that an IEP must be reasonably calculated for a child to receive educational benefit, but the school district is not required to provide every service necessary to maximize a child’s potential. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Amended EAHCA, which strengthened the law’s requirements for mainstreaming. Allowed students with more severe disabilities to be mainstreamed for more of the day or all day. It also extended special education services to include social work, assistive technology, and rehabilitation services. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. It’s main focus is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. The U.S. Department of Education emphasizes four pillars within the bill; accountability, flexibility, research based education, and parent options. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
https://www.theclassroom.com/similarities-differences-between-idea-ideia-8397136.html: Purpose if IDEIA is to ensure that all special needs children are provided an equitable chance at an education equal to their peers without disabilities. Although IDEA had the same purpose, IDEIA changes details in language. It also increased federal funds to provide early intervention services to students who do not need special education or related services. -
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
This act was used to replace and update the No Child Left Behind Act. It’s purpose is to make sure public schools provide a quality education for all students. It also gives states a voice in how schools account for student achievement.
