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National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) founded at NIH/NLM
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EMBnet network for database distribution introduced
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Clustal multiple alignment algorithm (Higgins) introduced
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Period: to
Important Developments in my lifetime
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Human Genome Project launched: estimated cost of $13 billion (plan 15 years)
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BLAST: fast sequence similarity searching tool introduced by S. Karlin and S.F. Altshul
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EST: expressed sequence tag sequencing first described by Craig Venter and colleagues: a method for identifying active genes
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The Institute for Genome Research (TIGR), associated with plans to exploit sequencing commercially through gene identification and drug discovery, was formed
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Mel Simon introduced the use of BACs for cloning
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The Sanger Centre, a genome research institute with the purpose to further the knowledge of genomes, was crated in Hinxton, UK
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The EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, the centre for research and service for bioinformatics was established in Hinxton, UK
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The FlavrSavr Tomato becomes the first genetic modified food to be approved for sale. A gene expression the enzyme polygalacturonase, which is responsible for the tomato's softness, was introduced by Calgene
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First completed sequence of a bacterial genome, Haemophilus influenzae by TIGR
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Yeast and E. coli genome completely sequenced
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The genome of Caenerhabditis elegans, a small soil nematode, was completely sequenced
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Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly) genome completely sequenced
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Human genome draft version finished
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Presentation of human genome by Celera Genomics and the collaborating group of laboratories supported by public foundation
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Completion of the 2010 Project: the understanding the function of all genes within their cellular, organismal and evolutionary context of Arabidopsis thaliana