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Period: Apr 13, 1000 to Sep 14, 1492
High and Late Middle Ages
NATION-STATE: a political unit, that has to have territory, boundaries, political organization that controls its internal + foreign affairs, a population and it must be recognized by other countries/political bodies -
Jan 1, 1215
King John Signs Magna Carta
The Magna Carta shaped English government for many years to come. It contained 2 important ideas: 1) nobles had rights, which would later be extended to all citizens, and 2) the document forced monarchs to obey the same laws as others. -
Jun 10, 1220
Parliament Forms
After the Magna Carta was signed, the Great Council, also known as Parliament, was created in order to help make decisions and keep the monarch in check. For example, in 1295, King Edward I consulted Parliament in his intentions to approve money for the wars in France. He believed that because these decisions affected everyone, everyone ought to have a say in it in some way or another. -
Jun 15, 1291
The Crusades
The Crusades were a mixed bag. They arrived in the Middle East when all of the native groups were fighting, but said groups rallied together to rid themselves of the invaders, reunifying the region. However, they only widened the split between the Byzantine and Roman churches when they looted Constantinople, driving the peoples even further apart. -
Sep 15, 1337
The Hundred Years' War
From 1337-1453, the English and the French were at war with one another. The English wanted control of French territory, but the French (obviously) wanted to grow their power within their own lands. During this time, the French feeling of nationalism grew, and trade with other nations increased. -
Sep 8, 1378
A Schism Forms In The Church
After the papal court moved, people began complaining of the pleasure-loving pope and his people, and anticlerical beliefs began to form. then, in 1378, reformers decided to elect their own pope. The French responded by electing another of their own, and then there were multiple popes, splitting the nations based on whom they favored.