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First School Museum opened in St. Louis
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Period: to
Timeline of Instructional Design & Instructional Media
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First catalog of instructional films published
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Growth in visual instruction movement
- 5 national professional organizations established
- 5 journals on visual instruction published
- 20 + teacher-training institutions offer visual instruction courses
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) created
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Radio used as a means of education
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FC Bartlett writes about Schema Theory
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Educators develop training materials for the military during WWII
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Division of Visual Aids for War Training established
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Training films used as a training material in the military
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Ford Foundation spends $170M + on educational television
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Bloom published "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives"
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Federal Communications Commission sets aside 242 television channels for educational puposes
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Skinner publishes "The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching"
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Development of Computer-assisted instruction systems
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Jerome Bruner proposes that students are active learners who construct their own knowledge (Constructivist Theory)
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Emergence of criterion-referenced measures
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IDT definition focuses on learning, rather than instruction
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"Journal of Instructional Development" published
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IDT defined as a "systematic process"
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Cognitive Information Processing Theory rose to prominence
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U.S. military adopts instructional design models to guide development of training materials
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Computers widely used for instructional purposes in elementary & secondary schools
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Focus on human performance movement (on-the-job performance) & constructivist views of teaching/learning
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Cognitive & Constructivst learning theories have major influence on IDT design practices
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AECT publishes IDT definition using 5 domains: design, development, utilization, management, & evaluation
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U.S. schools possess one computer for every 9 students
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13% of training in businesses is done online
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AECT produces new IDT definition to include ethics & improving performance
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32% of higher education students take online courses
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64% of college students use smartphones for schoolwork