-
The first school museum opened in St. Louis, marking the beginning of the use of media for instructional purposes.
-
The first catalog of instructional films was published in the United States, leading to the adoption of films for regular instructional use in Rochester, New York public schools
-
Now known as the visual introduction movement, the 1920s saw an increase in the use of films, pictures, lantern slides, etc in public schools.
-
The late 1920s through the 1940s were a time of major strides in audiovisual media such as sound recordings, radio broadcasting and motion pictures with sound.
-
Three national professional organizations merged to create the Department of Visual Instruction (DVI). This organization eventually became the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT), and has played an integral role in guiding the instructional design and technology field.
-
The Division of Visual Aids for War Training produced 457 training videos during World War II, resulting in a more effective and engaging content, reducing absenteeism and training time.
-
During the 1950s there was a rapid growth of television
-
B. F. Skinner introduced the concept of teaching in small instructional steps that require engagement of the learner and provide immediate feedback in "The Science of
learning and the Art of Teaching" -
The Federal Communications Commission dedicated 242 television channels to be used for educational purposes.
-
The launch of Sputnik by Russia in 1957 led to increased funding for education, primarily within STEM subjects.
-
From the 1950s to the 1970s, many field professionals began viewing instructional technology as a process rather than just as media
-
Robert Mager presents a new, structured way of teaching educators "how to write objectives that include a description of desired learner behaviors, the conditions under which the behaviors are to be performed, and the standards (criteria) by which the behaviors are to be judged" (ch 2, Resier & Dempsey).
-
Commissioned by The Department of Audiovisual Instruction, Ely established a departure in the definition of instructional technology from focusing on media to "the design and use of messages which control the learning process"
-
Robert Gagne introduces the five types of learning outcomes (verbal information, intellectual skills, psychomotor skills, attitudes, and cognitive strategies). Now a fundamental element in instructional design models, this perspective emphasizes the importance of learners acquiring subordinate skills before superordinate ones.
-
Based in behaviorism, Silvern presented an approach to accomplishing learning goals by applying General Systems Theory (GST)
-
The Commission on Instructional Technology declares an updated definition that focuses on the "systematic way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the whole process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objectives, based on research on human learning and communication, and employing a combination of human and nonhuman resources to bring about more effective instruction."
-
The AECT defines instructional technology as "a complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems, involved in all aspects of human learning."
-
Gagne highlighted how psychologists utilized evaluation and testing during WWII by examining intellectual, psychomotor, and perceptual abilities in successful performers to develop a preliminary screening test for potential trainees, reducing failure rates by redirecting those with lower initial scores to other programs.
-
In the 1990s, the human performance improvement movement emerged, directing attention to on-the-job performance, business outcomes, and non-instructional solutions within the field rather than learning as the primary goal.
-
Behaviorists Burton, Moore, and Magliaro defined behaviorism as "the philosophy and values associated with the measurement and study of human behavior."
-
The AECT defines instructional technology as the "theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning."
-
The 21st century will see a rapid increase in online learning in many sectors, including K-12 schools, higher education, and business and industry.
-
In the 21st century, there has been an increase in informal learning from sources such as social media for skill acquisition.
-
The AECT defines educational technology as "the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources."
-
With the innovative rise of technology, the use of social networking sites such as LinkedIn YouTube has provided a digital learning space with unprecedented widespread accessibility.
-
By 2014, research found that 41% of training in business and technology was executed via technology, increasing 15% from the decade prior.