IB history of the Americas timeline

By Chrisred123

  • Discourse on Method

    Renee Descartes publishes "Discourse on Method," where he argues for the use of deductive reasoning. Much of our present day math courses are contingent upon Renee Descartes formulation of reason in this work. This is also where the famous quote "I think therefore I am" comes from.
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    The Enlightenment

    The Enlightenment was a cultural movement of intellectuals in Europe emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.

  • Principa Mathematica

    Isaac Newton publishes "Principa Mathematica," where Newton puts forward his laws of motion and other groundbreaking scientific laws that we use today.

  • On the Origin of Inequality

    Jean Jacques Rousseau publishes "On the Origin of Inequality," where he argues that man was perfectly equal and virtuous in a state of nature, without private property. He furthers that private property necessarily corrupts man and causes inequality.

  • The Spirit of the Laws

    Baron De Montesquieu publishes "The Spirit of the Laws," where he argues for the seperation of powers. He theorizes that, in order to have a good government, there needed to be seperate, equal in power, branches.

  • Candide; Or the Optimist

    Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire) publises "Candide; Or the Optimist," employs satire in order to criticizes religion, theologians, governments, armies, philosophies, and philosophers ; most conspicuously, he assaults Leibniz and his optimism.

  • Of the Social Contract

    Jean Jacques Rousseau publishes "Of the Social Contract," where he argues that the purpose of government is to free people from oppression and inequality. He furthered that in order to do this, the government necessarily needed absolute power.

  • The Estates General

    King Louis XVI was terrible with finances and needed money to support his war efforts. So, he called the Estates General to put to vote whether he could tax the first and second estate. Although the third estate outnumbered the first and second estate combined, the then French Political system counted votes according to estate, not majority. This lead to political tensions that would spark the French Revolution.

  • The National Assembly

    Being upset with the decision at the Estates General, the Representatives of the Third Estate have their own idea - They want a whole new government for France - Declare themselves the National Assembly - Want representatives of all the estates to meet together and discuss all problems in france.

  • The Tennis Court Oath

    The National Assembly meets on the Tennis Court and the make the Tennis Court Oath, which stated “We wonʼt leave until we write a new constitution for France!”

  • Bastille Day

    The Common People of Paris - working class/sans culotes - attack the Bastille - kill the soldiers guarding it and take the weapons to defend the National Assembly against the Kings
    army. The French Revolution has begun.
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    The French Revolution

    The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that marked the decline of powerful monarchies and churches and the rise of democracy and nationalism.

  • Declaration of the Rights of Man

    The National Assembly votes to end all Feudal privileges, abolish the nobility, and make the Declaration of the Rights of Man.

  • The March on Versailles

    Women of Paris Mob march to Versailles to demand lower prices for bread - invade Versailles - bring King and Queen back to Paris

  • Flee attempt

    King tries to flee to Austria in order to avoid signing the new constitution, and to get Austrian support to overthrow the revolution. He is caught, and forced to sign the constitution.

  • The Constitution of 1791

    Constitution of 1791 is finished: France becomes a constitutional monarchy Legislative Assembly is created wealthy men can vote.

  • Declaration of War

    France Declares war on Austria and Prussia. Marie Antonette's brother is the emperor of Austria. France declares in a preemptive strike; thinking that Austria was plotting against them.

  • Military Decline

    With the French losing the war, the people search for someone to blame. The King is put on trial and found guilty for Treason, shipping plans and plotting a revolution with the Austrians.

  • Execution

    King Louis XVI is executed for the charge of Treason.

  • The First Coalition

    All of the Countries of Europe join Austria and Prussia to oppose France in the war of the first coalition. France now has to form a government. All men can vote and the government is becoming more radical.

  • The Reign of Terror

    National convention works on a new constitution, a small group of Jacobins rule the country,Committee of Public Safety led by Robespierre create the Reign of Virtue and Terror

  • The Directory

    With the collapse of the Jacobin rule, The Directory takes control forming a new, more conservative government with the sole goal of ending the chaos in France.

  • Napoleon's rise

    Napoleon takes power away from the Directory by successfully staging a Coup.

  • Napoleon becomes emperor

    Napoleon crowns himself the emperor of France.

  • Napoleon's Exile

    After a long hard war against much of Europe, Napoleon is forced into exile on the island of Elba.
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    The Congress of Vienna

    The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries, but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace.

  • Napoleon's (short) return

    Napoleon escapes Elba and returns to France to try and regain control over the French Army and government.

  • Napoleon's final defeat

    Napoleon is defeated, for the final time, at the battle of Waterloo, by British and Prussian forces. He is forced into exile once more where he dies a quiet death.

  • Revolutions of 1830

    Holland and Belgium are forced together as a result of the Congress of Vienna In France, Louis XVIII dies in 1824 and is replaced by an arch-conservative Monarchist Comte D' Artois. The Duke of Orleans Louis Phillipe is made Constitutional King of France.

  • Unification of Germany

    Bismarck: "Germany will not be unified by parliament and speeches but will only be unified with blood and iron"
    Otto von Bismarck Realpolitik argues that you should not Romanize politics, you should simply peruse the interests of the states

  • Bismark in Control Domestic Policies

    Defeat of liberals (1862-1865)
    kulturKampf (Culture war) against Catholics and its center party in 1865-1975
    Going after their source of income

    Officials

    Welfare state and attack on social democratic (socialism)- 1875-1880
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    Unification of Germany

    Wilhelm the first is a traditional Russian king (military king) and replaces his crazy brother
    His main concern is that the military budget is being attacked by the liberals in parliament and so he chooses someone to manage the budget
    Chooses Bismarck 1862
    Not a nationalist because he is from Prussia
    Bismarck says to the liberals that he will only unify Germany if the parliament doesn’t get in their way.
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    Bismark in Control

    Unification (1865-1870)
    Drei/kaiser/bund
    The three emperors' alliance
    an alliance between Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary, from 1873 to 1887 (defensive treaty)
    Triple alliance
    1879 (Italy, Austro-Hungary and Germany)
    Anglo-German Agreement
    Germany would never challenge British naval supremacy or colonial empire (1870-1890)
    Re-Affirmation (reassurance) drei-KaiserBund-1883-After Crisis in Balkans 1877
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    German Imperial Constitution

    Bicameral-Federal
    Upper house (basically controlled by the princes and is a hereditary nobility. Conservative)
    Bundesrat- Federal council
    61

    Prussia-17 (this creates a Prussian imposition in Germany)
    Bauaria-6
    Hesse-4
    Saxony-4
    Lower house
    Reichstag
    397 Reps
    Universal manhood suffrage-all men 25 and above
    Executive Kaiser Wilhelm I

  • World War I begins

    The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie in Bosnia by Serbian Nationalist sparks World War I.

  • Austria declares war on Serbia

  • Germany declares war on Russia

  • Germany declares war on France

  • The United Kingdom declares war on Germany

    After Germany's invasion of Belgium, the United Kingdom declares war on Germany.

  • Austria and Serbia enter the fray

    Austria declares war on Russia and Serbia declares war on Germany.

  • The United States declares war on Germany

  • Russian Revolution

    The Bolsheviks, a revolutionary party in Russia, successfully overthrow the Russian Government and take control.

  • German surrender

    Germany signs the armistice at Compiegne, France. Fighting ends on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month (i.e. 11 a.m. on November 11).

  • Treaty of Versailles

    The Treaty of Versailles officially ends World War I. Treaty with Germany Georges Clemenceau- "The Tiger" France
    Objective weakening Germany so that it could never threaten France again
    David Lloyd George- British
    Left Liberal leading coalition British government trying to hold on to power- protection of British interests
    Woodrow Wilson- United states
    Messianic foreign policy supports the "League of Nations", support for democracy/Self Determination of people

  • Russian Civil War ends

    The Bolshevik forces defeat the last of the White forces in Siberia, reigning victorious and winning the Russian Civil War.

  • Mussolini takes power

    Fascist leader Benito Mussolini is appointed prime minister of Italy by king Victor Emmanuel III after the March on Rome.

  • Stalin takes power

    Then leader of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin, dies. Joseph Stalin begins to purge any rivals standing in his way to grab hold of the reigns of power in Russia.

  • Adolf Hitler goes to jail

    Adolf Hitler is sentenced to 5 years in jail for his participation in the Beer Hall Putsch (he serves only 9 months).

  • Fascist victory in Italy

    Fascists win elections in Italy with a 2/3 majority.

  • Mein Kampf

    Adolf Hitler's autobiographical manifesto Mein Kampf is published.

  • Hirohito takes power

    Emperor Taishō dies and his son Hirohito becomes the Emperor of Japan.

  • Stalin secures power

    Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin with undisputed control of the Soviet Union.

  • Naval Cooperation

    The United Kingdom, United States, France, Italy and Japan sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting naval shipbuilding.

  • Adolf Hitler secures power

    Nazi leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg.

  • Nazi Germany's tools are created

    Germany's first concentration camp, Dachau, is completed.

  • Anti-semitism in Germany

    Germans are told to boycott Jewish shops and businesses.

  • Hitler becomes more powerful

    Upon the death of President Paul von Hindenburg, Adolf Hitler makes himself Führer of Germany, becoming Head of State as well as Chancellor.

  • Germany invades Poland

    Germany, as planned, invades Poland and sparks WWII.