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First
Computing Machinery and Intelligence was published by Alan Turing, that introduce the Turing test and opening the door to what would be know like AI -
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Second
First artificial neural network created by Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds, was called SNARC and using 3,000 vacuum tubes to simulate a network of 40 neurons. -
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Third
Arthur Samuel developed Samuel Checkers-Playing Program, the world's first program to play games that was self-learning. -
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Fourth
John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude Shannon coined the term artificial intelligence in a proposal for a workshop widely recognized as a founding event in the AI field. -
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Fifth
Frank Rosenblatt developed the perceptron, an early ANN that could learn from data and became the foundation for modern neural networks. John McCarthy developed the programming language Lisp, which was quickly adopted by the AI industry and gained enormous popularity among developers. -
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Sixth
Arthur Samuel coined the term machine learning in a seminal paper explaining that the computer could be programmed to outplay its programmer. Oliver Selfridge published "Pandemonium: A Paradigm for Learning," a landmark contribution to machine learning that described a model that could adaptively improve itself to find patterns in events. -
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Seventh
Daniel Bobrow developed STUDENT, an early natural language processing (NLP) program designed to solve algebra word problems, while he was a doctoral candidate at MIT. -
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Eighth
Edward Feigenbaum, Bruce G. Buchanan, Joshua Lederberg and Carl Djerassi developed the first expert system, Dendral, which assisted organic chemists in identifying unknown organic molecules. -
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Nineth
Joseph Weizenbaum created Eliza, one of the more celebrated computer programs of all time, capable of engaging in conversations with humans and making them believe the software had humanlike emotions. Stanford Research Institute developed Shakey, the world's first mobile intelligent robot that combined AI, computer vision, navigation and NLP. It's the grandfather of self-driving cars and drones. -
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Tenth
Terry Winograd created SHRDLU, the first multimodal AI that could manipulate and reason out a world of blocks according to instructions from a user. -
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Eleventh
Arthur Bryson and Yu-Chi Ho described a backpropagation learning algorithm to enable multilayer ANNs, an advancement over the perceptron and a foundation for deep learning. Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert published the book Perceptrons, which described the limitations of simple neural networks and caused neural network research to decline and symbolic AI research to thrive. -
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Twelvth
James Lighthill released the report "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey," which caused the British government to significantly reduce support for AI research. -
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thirteenth
Symbolics Lisp machines were commercialized, signaling an AI renaissance. Years later, the Lisp machine market collapsed. -
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Fourteenth
Danny Hillis designed parallel computers for AI and other computational tasks, an architecture similar to modern GPUs.