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Plessy v. Ferguson
On June 7, 1892 a man named Hommer Plessy was put in jail for sitting in the "white" car on the Louisiana Railroad. Even the Plessy was a very light skinned man, he still had to sit in the "colored" section of the train. Plessy's lawyer argued that the Separate Car Act violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth amendments. In 1896, the Supreme Court heard the case and ruled Louisiana segregation statute constitutional.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_plessy.html -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
NAACP is a civil rights orginization for African American peoples. The NAACP's goal was to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood MarshallIn 1930, He applied at the University of Maryland Law School, but was denied admission because he was black. Marshall's first major court case came in 1933. He successfully sued the University of Maryland to admit a young African American Amherst University graduate named Donald Gaines Murray. Marshall b=eventually became the Chief Counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of EducationBlack children were denied admission to public schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to the races. The long-held doctrine that separate facilities were permissible provided they were equal was rejected. Separate but equal was rulled unequal in the context of public education. Schools were now to be integrated. -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Bus BoycottThe Montgomery Bus boycott started when Rosa Parks was arrested. Rosa Parks was sitting in an empty "white" seat on the bus and when a white person told her to move, she politely sat there. Because of her unwillingness to move she was arrested. African Americans and whites were furious, this is what started the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The boycott of the buses continued for a year, and made a huge statement about how the blacks wanted there civil rights. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceSCLC was under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. ( arguably the most influental man in the civil rights fight). The churchs goal was to redeem "the soul of America" through nonviolent actions and protest. -
The Little Rock Nine
little rock nineThe little rock nine was a famous case of integration in Little Rock, Arkansas. Governor Orval Faubus had the National Guard block nine black students from entering Central High in Little Rock because he didn’t want to integrate schools. President Eisenhower heard of this and sent Federal Troops to protect the nine black students. Despite Eisenhower's efforts to keep the blacks protected they were still beaten by whites. -
Sit-Ins
The sit-ins started when four black students from North Carolina A&T College sat down at a Woolworth lunch counter in downtown Greensboro, North Carolina. The students include Joseph McNeil, Izell Blair, Franklin McCain, and David Richmond they purchased items in the store before sitting at the counter reserved for white customers. When asked to move by a waitress, they politly declined. Fortinitally they were not arrested and sat there until the store closed. -
Student Non- Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
A group of black men from North Carolina A&T Universtity started sit-ins, on of the first non violent student lead acts. Other events taken place by the SNCC are Freedom Riders and Freedom Summer. -
Medger Evers
Howard was also the president of the Regional Council of Negro Leadership (RCNL). In December of that year, Evers became the NAACP's first field officer in Mississippi. Weeks leadin up to his death he had death threats repeadidly and came close to death many times until he was killed. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were blacks and whites in support of the new amendment that declared segregated seating of interstate passengers unconstitutional, they were going to ride the buses to washington to test whether the Federal government was serious about the whole ordeal. Along the way they found nothing but dicrimination, on one bus everyone was beated, on the other it was bombed luckily everyone manged to get off the bus in time. -
James Meredith
In 1961 James apilied to the university of mississippi and was atmited, but when he arrived at the school admissions would not allow him to register. Since all public educational institutions had been ordered to desegregate by this time, Meredith filed a suit alleging discrimination. Although the district court ruled against him, the case made its way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in his favor. He was the first Black man to attemd Ole Miss. When Meredith arrived at Ole Miss to re -
Frannie Lou Hamer
She was a sharecropper but when she was sick off it and realized she could do better and went to register to vote, she was stopped by the police because her bus was the wrong color. Her and her friends were areested and jailed because of it. -
March On Wahshington
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. Attended by some 250,000 people, it was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nation's capital, and one of the first to have extensive television coverage. Through many famous and influentual people spoke that day one of the most memorable was Martin Luther King Jr.'s speach " Ihave a dream". -
Civil Rights Act 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Passage of the Act ended the application of "Jim Crow" laws. This was origanially orginized and created by Kennedy, but was signed by LBJ asfter kennedy's assasination. -
Freedom Summer
This was created to help educated blacks so they would be able to register for voting rights.They traveled to Mississippi but the mississppi people were not happy and murrded threee people because of this act. -
Malcom X
Malcom X was a black rights supremisist he belonged to the National Islam group and he was the second in command there.Eventually he got tired of the group and felt it wasn't suporting the intial reasons it was set up for. When he left he want to Isreal and can back with a more equal look at the race crisis. Unfortinatly he was assasinated by the original activist group he belonged to. -
Voting Rights Act 1965
This Act was made to enforce that all Americans have the right to vote, with no regard to there race or color. It was signed by LBJ when the federal government saw the actions of Mississippi and other southern states to the Civil rights act of 1964 -
Black Panthers
Founded in Oakland, Calif., by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Originally espousing violent revolution as the only means of achieving black liberation, the Black Panthers called on African Americans to arm themselves for the liberation struggle. -
Martin Luhter King Jr. Assasination
He was assasinated in Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, and was shot down by a snipper. An escaped convict by the name of James Earl Ray was arrested, but many people, including some of Martin Luther King Jr.'s own family, believe he was innocent.
