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Period: 753 BCE to 476
Rome
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387 BCE
First Sack of Rome
The first sack in Rome was a story that was told as myth or legend but most likely started the city was submerged in conflict, and when two sides fought and battled along the banks of the river Allia, in 387 BCE -
44 BCE
Julius Caesar death
Julius Caesar was stabbed (23 times) to death in March of 44 BCE. This assassination was led by Roman senators; Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus. -
27 BCE
Roman Empire Begins
The Roman empire began when Augustus Caesar became the first emperor of Rome, in 27 BCE. -
117
Rome at its greatest extent
Rome was most powerful during and around the year 117 AD, encompassing five-million plus square kilometers. -
293
Rule of Diocletian
Diocletian was a roman a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. He was born to a family of low class but rose through the ranks of the military, to become a Roman cavalry commander, and then the emperor. -
306
Rule of Constantine
Constantine the great was also known as Constantine I. He was born in the territory of Niš, and was the Roman emperor from 306 to 337 -
330
Split of the Roman Empire and move to Constantinople
Constantine the Great moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the city of Byzantium in 330 and renamed it Constantinople. -
330
Legalization of Christianity
Constantine also legalized Christianity, which was formerly been persecuted in the Roman Empire. -
476
End of Western Empire
Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors was in the west, was overthrown by a Germanic leader, Odoacer. He was the first barbarian to rule in Rome and the order that the Roman Empire brought to Europe ended. -
Period: 476 to 1453
Middle Ages
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527
Reign of Justinian
Justinian I was an Eastern Roman, or Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, he wanted to revive the Empire's greatness and reconquer Western Rome. -
632
Muslims Conquer North Africa
Following the death of Muhammad in 632, there were many Muslim conquests, including the \conquest of Maghreb, and into the Byzantine-controlled territories. -
732
Battle of Tours
The Battle of Tours, also called the Battle of Poitiers, marked the victory Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel over the invasion forces. -
742
Rule of Charlemagne
Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, (742-814), was a medieval emperor who ruled a lot of Western Europe from 768 to 814. In 800, he was crowned by Pope Leo, as the Charlemagne emperor of the Romans. -
793
Viking Invasions
The Viking Expansion and raids began in England in 793, but continued for a long time, reaching a lot of Europe, the North Atlantic, and Nothern Africa. -
862
Missionary of St. Cyril and Methodius
In 862, Prince Rostislav of Great Moravia asked Constantinople for missionaries. They started working among the Slavs, using Slavonic in the liturgy. -
1054
East-West Schism
The East-West Schism, also called the Great Schism, of 1054, was the break of communion between what are now the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, which lasted up to the 11th century. -
1096
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims, which mainly started to conquer holy sites that were considered sacred by both groups. -
1215
Magna Carta
The Magna Carta was a document with a series of promises between the king, barons, and the public, that he would govern England fairly. This was made in case, and because the king abused his power, with the people suffering. -
1236
Mongol Invasion
The Mongol invasion of Europe was the conquest of Europe by the Mongol Empire, by way of the destruction of East Slavic principalities. -
Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
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1337
100 year war
The Hundred Year War was a series of conflicts that continued from around 1337 to 1453, from England against France. Each side had many allies in the war. -
1347
The Plague
The Plague, also known as the Black Death, was one of the most devastating epidemics of human history, resulting in the deaths of 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia, peaking from 1347 to 1351. -
1376
The Papacy returned to Rome
Pope Gregory XI made a decision to return to Rome, beginning 1376 and ending in 1377, as he arrived in Rome. This turned out to be an influential decision in his reign. -
1415
Jan Hus Dies
Jan Hus was considered as the first church reformer, and his teachings had a strong influence on Western Europe. He was burned at the stake for heresy. -
1436
Architect Brunelleschi designs the dome for the Florence Cathedral
Brunelleschi created a dome in the Florence cathedral, finishing it in 1436. The cathedral it was built in was a gothic style of Arnolfo di Cambio. -
1439
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press
The printing press was invented in 1439 by Johannes Gutenberg. It was a movable type printing press and initiated a revolution in print technology, and the world. His press allowed the bible to be translated and printed quicker in order for the reformation to occur. -
1439
The invention of printing press
The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439. This invention was key to the reformation, because it allowed the bible to be translated and published farther abroad and more efficiently. -
1453
End of Eastern Empire
The Eastern Empire, or the Byzantine Empire survived the fall of the Roman empire, only to collapse to Ottoman Turks in 1453. -
1472
Dante writes his epic poem the Divine Comedy
Dante Alighieri's poem, Divine Comedy, is a story which tells the journey of Dante through hell, guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. -
Period: 1473 to
Scientific Revolution
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1477
Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel is the official residence of the Pope, in Vatican City, and was restored in 1477. The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo, and is a very important piece of art from the Renaissance. -
1485
Botticelli completed the painting The Birth of Venus
The Birth of Venus is a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli. Made in the mid-1480s, it depicts the goddess Venus arriving at a shore after her birth, when she emerged from the sea fully-grown. -
1491
King Henry VIII
Henry VIII was at a disagreement with the church because they wouldn't allow him to divorce his wife so that he could marry again, so he left the church and became supreme leader of another church, Anglicanism. He was one of the most important people in the reformation. -
1492
Lorenzo de Medici ascends to power in Florence
Lorenzo de Medici was an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. -
1500
Start of Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation was a movement within the Catholic Church. Its main aim was to reform and improve the church because many people were accusing the church of corruption. -
1503
Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa
The Mona Lisa is one of the most famous paintings, if not the most famous. Painted by Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci in 1503, it is described as the most visited, best known, and most parodied work of art in the world. -
1511
Erasmus published "The Praise of Folly"
The Praise of Folly was a book, or essay written by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam in 1509. It was first published in 1511. -
1517
Martin Luther nails 95 Theses
Martin Luther defiantly nailed 95 theses, or arguments against the church to the door of the Wittenburg Castle church in 1517. -
Period: 1517 to
Reformation
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1543
Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory
Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory is the name of an astronomical model discovered by Nicolaus Copernicus. It predicted that the sun was the center of the universe and that all of the other planets orbited around it. It was published in 1543 -
1558
Elizabeth I became Queen of England
Elizabeth the first was Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 until her death in 1603. -
The invention of the microscope
The invention of the microscope, or at least the birth of the microscope that would lead to today's modern microscope, happened in 1590 and most scientists believe it was invented by Zacharias Janssen. The microscope opened up a new world of science and helped us discover many wonders of nature. -
William Shakespeare builds the Globe theatre
The Globe Theatre in London was a theatre built by Shakespeare's playing company, in 1599, only to be destroyed in a fire in 1613 -
Galileo was warned by the Catholic Church
The church believed that Galileo's actions should've been classified as heresy and that he ought to turn himself in to the church for a trial. -
Galileo studies planets with his telescope
Galileo built and used a telescope to study the movement of planets. He found that there were four moons circling Jupiter, studied Saturn, to observe the phases of Venus, and to study sunspots on the Sun. Galileo helped strengthen Copernicus' theory. -
Kepler discovered elliptical orbits
Copernicus may have been the one who discovered that planets revolved around the sun, it was Kepler who identified their orbits. He published his first two laws in 1609 and his third in 1619. -
30 Years War
The Thirty Year's War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, resulting in eight million casualties, accumulating a title as one of the most destructive conflicts in human history. -
Bacon published Novum Organum
The Novum Organum is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon. It was written in Latin and published in 1620. The title referenced to Aristotle's work Organon, symbolizing his logic and syllogism. -
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed by diplomatic congress in 1648, ending the European wars of religion.
