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The first sack in Rome was a story that was told as myth or legend but most likely started the city was submerged in conflict, and when two sides fought and battled along the banks of the river Allia, in 387 BCE
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Julius Caesar was stabbed (23 times) to death in March of 44 BCE. This assassination was led by Roman senators; Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus.
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The Roman empire began when Augustus Caesar became the first emperor of Rome, in 27 BCE.
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Rome was most powerful during and around the year 117 AD, encompassing five-million plus square kilometers.
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Diocletian was a roman a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. He was born to a family of low class but rose through the ranks of the military, to become a Roman cavalry commander, and then the emperor.
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Constantine the great was also known as Constantine I. He was born in the territory of Niš, and was the Roman emperor from 306 to 337
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Constantine the Great moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the city of Byzantium in 330 and renamed it Constantinople.
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Constantine also legalized Christianity, which was formerly been persecuted in the Roman Empire.
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Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors was in the west, was overthrown by a Germanic leader, Odoacer. He was the first barbarian to rule in Rome and the order that the Roman Empire brought to Europe ended.
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Justinian I was an Eastern Roman, or Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, he wanted to revive the Empire's greatness and reconquer Western Rome.
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Following the death of Muhammad in 632, there were many Muslim conquests, including the \conquest of Maghreb, and into the Byzantine-controlled territories.
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The Battle of Tours, also called the Battle of Poitiers, marked the victory Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel over the invasion forces.
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Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, (742-814), was a medieval emperor who ruled a lot of Western Europe from 768 to 814. In 800, he was crowned by Pope Leo, as the Charlemagne emperor of the Romans.
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The Viking Expansion and raids began in England in 793, but continued for a long time, reaching a lot of Europe, the North Atlantic, and Nothern Africa.
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In 862, Prince Rostislav of Great Moravia asked Constantinople for missionaries. They started working among the Slavs, using Slavonic in the liturgy.
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The East-West Schism, also called the Great Schism, of 1054, was the break of communion between what are now the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, which lasted up to the 11th century.
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The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims, which mainly started to conquer holy sites that were considered sacred by both groups.
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The Magna Carta was a document with a series of promises between the king, barons, and the public, that he would govern England fairly. This was made in case, and because the king abused his power, with the people suffering.
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The Mongol invasion of Europe was the conquest of Europe by the Mongol Empire, by way of the destruction of East Slavic principalities.
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The Hundred Year War was a series of conflicts that continued from around 1337 to 1453, from England against France. Each side had many allies in the war.
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The Plague, also known as the Black Death, was one of the most devastating epidemics of human history, resulting in the deaths of 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia, peaking from 1347 to 1351.
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Pope Gregory XI made a decision to return to Rome, beginning 1376 and ending in 1377, as he arrived in Rome. This turned out to be an influential decision in his reign.
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Jan Hus was considered as the first church reformer, and his teachings had a strong influence on Western Europe. He was burned at the stake for heresy.
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Brunelleschi created a dome in the Florence cathedral, finishing it in 1436. The cathedral it was built in was a gothic style of Arnolfo di Cambio.
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The printing press was invented in 1439 by Johannes Gutenberg. It was a movable type printing press and initiated a revolution in print technology, and the world. His press allowed the bible to be translated and printed quicker in order for the reformation to occur.
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The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439. This invention was key to the reformation, because it allowed the bible to be translated and published farther abroad and more efficiently.
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The Eastern Empire, or the Byzantine Empire survived the fall of the Roman empire, only to collapse to Ottoman Turks in 1453.
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Dante Alighieri's poem, Divine Comedy, is a story which tells the journey of Dante through hell, guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil.
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The Sistine Chapel is the official residence of the Pope, in Vatican City, and was restored in 1477. The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo, and is a very important piece of art from the Renaissance.
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The Birth of Venus is a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli. Made in the mid-1480s, it depicts the goddess Venus arriving at a shore after her birth, when she emerged from the sea fully-grown.
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Henry VIII was at a disagreement with the church because they wouldn't allow him to divorce his wife so that he could marry again, so he left the church and became supreme leader of another church, Anglicanism. He was one of the most important people in the reformation.
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Lorenzo de Medici was an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy.
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The Counter-Reformation was a movement within the Catholic Church. Its main aim was to reform and improve the church because many people were accusing the church of corruption.
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The Mona Lisa is one of the most famous paintings, if not the most famous. Painted by Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci in 1503, it is described as the most visited, best known, and most parodied work of art in the world.
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The Praise of Folly was a book, or essay written by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam in 1509. It was first published in 1511.
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Martin Luther defiantly nailed 95 theses, or arguments against the church to the door of the Wittenburg Castle church in 1517.
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Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory is the name of an astronomical model discovered by Nicolaus Copernicus. It predicted that the sun was the center of the universe and that all of the other planets orbited around it. It was published in 1543
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Elizabeth the first was Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 until her death in 1603.
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The invention of the microscope, or at least the birth of the microscope that would lead to today's modern microscope, happened in 1590 and most scientists believe it was invented by Zacharias Janssen. The microscope opened up a new world of science and helped us discover many wonders of nature.
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The Globe Theatre in London was a theatre built by Shakespeare's playing company, in 1599, only to be destroyed in a fire in 1613
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The church believed that Galileo's actions should've been classified as heresy and that he ought to turn himself in to the church for a trial.
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Galileo built and used a telescope to study the movement of planets. He found that there were four moons circling Jupiter, studied Saturn, to observe the phases of Venus, and to study sunspots on the Sun. Galileo helped strengthen Copernicus' theory.
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Copernicus may have been the one who discovered that planets revolved around the sun, it was Kepler who identified their orbits. He published his first two laws in 1609 and his third in 1619.
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The Thirty Year's War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, resulting in eight million casualties, accumulating a title as one of the most destructive conflicts in human history.
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The Novum Organum is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon. It was written in Latin and published in 1620. The title referenced to Aristotle's work Organon, symbolizing his logic and syllogism.
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The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed by diplomatic congress in 1648, ending the European wars of religion.
