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753 BCE
The Empire begins
The Roman Empire was created in the pre-Roman republic and had enormous pieces of territory throughout Europe and Africa -
Period: 753 BCE to 1453
Rome
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390 BCE
First Sack of Rome
The Gauls started when the early city became engaged in a conflict with a band Gallic Celts led by the warlord Brennus. They met in a war along the banks of the river Allia. -
44
Julius Caesar death
Julius Caesar played a huge role in the Roman history and was a politician, and Roman general. He was assassinated on 15 march 44 BCE, -
117
Rome at its greatest extent
Rome takes over most of Europe up to Germany, all the way up to Arabia, Iberia, and the northern part of Africa -
117
End of Western Empire
The Western Roman empire failed to enforce its rule, and its enormous territory was divided into several successor polities. The Roman empire lost its strengths which allowed them to keep control over the western provinces -
290
The rule of Diocletian
Diocletian was born into a poor family. But he walked up the military career ladder and became the general. He restored efficient government to the empire after a near Anarchy in the 3rd century. He laid the foundation of the byzantine empire in the east. -
306
The rule of Constantine
Constantine the Great was born in the territory called Niš. His mother was empress Helena. And his father was Caesar. Constantine was the first emperor to turn to Christianity. Constantinople was also named after him. -
313
Legalization of Christianity
The turning point of Christianity was when Constantine decided end the prosecution of Christianity in the Roman Empire. It was called either the peace of the church, or the Constantinian shift. Constantine and Licinius issued the Edict of Milan decriminalizing Christian worship. -
476
Split of the Roman Empire and move to Constantinople
The Byzantine Empire, sometimes called the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuity of the Roman Empire in the east during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, originally founded as Byzantium ). It survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century CE, and existed for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. -
Period: 500 to 1530
middle ages
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527
Reign of Justinian
The reign of Justinian marked the final period of the Roman Empire. the establishment of the new, Byzantine empire. the beginning of Western Europe's unique position within the civilizations of the Old World. -
647
Muslims Conquer North Africa
Muslims conquering North Africa happened through attack wars, and the Muslims established administrative units. The first stages were during the reign of 3rd Caliph Uthman, whereas firm control was secured during the Umayyad caliphate. -
Oct 10, 732
Battle of Tours
marked the victory of the Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel over the invasion forces of the Umayyad Caliphate led by Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, Governor-General of al-Andalus. It was fought between the city of Potiers and Tours, in west-central France. about 20 kilometers northeast of Poitiers. The location of the battle was close to the border between the Frankish realm and the then-independent Duchy of Aquitaine under Odo the Great. -
742
Rule of Charlemagne
Charlemagne ruled much of western Europe. Charlemagne became king of the Franks, a Germanic tribe in present-day Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and western Germany. He embarked on a mission to unite all Germanic peoples into one kingdom, and convert his subjects to Christianity. -
793
Viking Invasions
The Vikings primarily attacked monasteries. The first monastery attacked was in 793 in Lindisfarne. The reason why they mostly attacked monasteries was because they were very rich and had a lot of expensive stuff which were easily brought home by ships. -
826
Missionary of St. Cyril and Methodius
ST. Cyril and Methodius were two brothers who were Byzantine Christian theologians and Christian missionaries. Using their work they influenced the cultural development of all Slavs. They created the Glagolitic alphabet. It was first used to transcribe Old Church Slavonic. Even after they both died, People continued their missionary work among the Slavs. -
1054
East-West Schism
It was the break of communion between the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches.The Schism was the culmination of theological and political differences between the Christian East and West which had developed over the preceding centuries. -
1206
Mongol Invasion
The Mongol Empire covered most of Eastern Europe and Asian. Historians predict that the destruction under the Mongol Empire were resulted in some of the deadliest conflicts in human history. -
1215
Magna Carta
The Magna Carta was a charter of rights, agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unliked King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be put in through a council of 25 barons. -
1261
End of Eastern Empire
In 1261, The Byzantine (Roman) Empire's economy was failing, and never regained its former state.In 1369, Emperor John V unsuccessfully desired financial help from the West to confront the growing Turkish threat, but was arrested. -
1296
Architect Brunelleschi designs the dome for the Florence Cathedral
The Florence Cathedral= includes the Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile. These buildings are a part of the UNESCO world heritage sight -
1337
100 year war
The war was between House of Plantagenet which was from the kingdom of England, and by House of Valois which was a part of the Kingdom of France. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages. In which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe. -
1348
plague
The first outbreak of plague swept across England in 1348-49. It seems to have travelled across the south in bubonic form during the summer months of 1348, before mutating into the even more frightening pneumonic form with the onset of winter. It hit London in September 1348, and spread into East Anglia all along the coast early during the new year. -
1415
Jan Hus Dies
Jan Hus was a Czech theologian, philosopher, master, dean, and rector of the Charles University in Prague who became a church reformer, an inspirer of Hussitism, a key predecessor to Protestantism and a seminal figure in the Bohemian Reformation. -
Period: 1431 to
Renaissance
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1468
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press.
The printing press was created by Johannes Gutenberg. It was first introduced to Europe and later spread throughout the world -
1472
Dante writes his epic poem the Divine Comedy.
Divine comedy is about is about the Inferno (hell in Italian) and it talks about how Dante goes through hell. -
1477
Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, It belongs to the Pope and is his residence in Vatican city. It used to be a religious site, and functionary Papal activity. It is currently served as the site of Papal conclave, which is an election for Popes. -
1486
Botticelli completed the painting The Birth of Venus.
The birth of Venus is a painting by an Italian artist named Sandro Botticelli. It is a painting of the Goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth. -
1491
King Henry VIII
King Henry VIII was the King of England, he was the second Tudor monarch. He is most known for his six marriages. -
1492
Lorenzo de Medici ascends to power in Florence
Lorenzo de Medici was a ruler of the Florentine Republic most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. -
1492
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The most famous Crusades are the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean which aimed at recovering holy land from Muslim rule. -
1503
Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
The Mona Lisa is described as the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world. It has been standing in The museum Called Louvre in France since 1797. In 2018, it was nearly worth 820 million dollars. -
1511
Erasmus published The Praise of Folly
The Praise of Folly is an essay written in Latin and by Desiderius Erasmus. -
1517
Martin Luther nails 95 Theses
The 95 Theses is a list of 95 things wrong with the church. He posted this on the doors of churches in Wittenberg, Germany. He started the Reformation, a schism in the Roman Catholic Church which changed Europe. -
Period: 1517 to
reformation
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1543
Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory
Copernican heliocentrism is a theory named after Nicolaus Copernicus and was an astronomical model about how the sun is positioned in the middle of everything and the planets revolve around the sun. -
1545
Start of Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation was a period of Catholic resurgence which was made in response to the Protestant Reformation. It began with council of Trent and ended with patent of toleration. -
Period: 1548 to
scientific revolution
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1558
Elizabeth I became Queen of England.
Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess. She was the last of the five monarchs of the House of labor. -
1564
Galileo studies planets with his telescope
After finding about the newly invented "spyglass". A devise that made objects appear closer. After finding out how it works he built his own improved version. -
1571
Kepler discovered elliptical orbits
Kepler became an assistant of a very wealthy astronomer who went by the name of Tycho Brahe. After Tychos death all of his notes were past down to Kepler and that's when he discovered the elliptical orbits. -
The invention of the microscope
Zaccharias Janssen and his father Hans start to experiment with 6x-10x lenses. they put a bunch of the them in a tube and made a very important discovery. Object at the other end of the tube seemed greatly enlarged! -
William Shakespeare builds the Globe theatre. He will write many of his great plays over the next few years including Hamlet and Macbeth.
The Globe Theater was built in 1599 in London by William Shakespeare and his playing company. Unfortunately it was destroyed in a fire in the year of 1613. A second one was built in 1614 but closed an Ordinance issued on 6 September 1642. -
30 Years War
The 30 years of war was a religious conflict. It had almost 8 million casualties made from fighting and famine. It started as a battle between the Catholic and Protestant states that formed the Holy Roman Empire. -
Bacon published Novum Organum
Novum Organum is a philosophical book created by Fancis Bacon. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work Organon, -
Galileo was warned by the Catholic Church
Galileo and the Catholic church had had very different ideas about space. Galileo would say that our planet revolves around the sun but the Catholic churches would warn him an say that the sun would move around the earth and we were the middle of our universe, He was threatened by Pope Urban VIII. -
Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties in the Westphalian cities Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the European wars of religion.