Hum timeline 1

Ancient Rome

Period: 753 BCE to 476

Julius Caesar Death

44 BCE

Julius Caesar was Roman politician, military general, and a historian. He stabbed Caesar 23 times to death.

Empire Begins

27 BCE

The roman empire began in 27 BCE. It was the period of ancient roman civilisation.

Rome at the greatest extent

117

At this period Rome was at the greatest extent during 117 AC. At that time it was as large as at least five million km.

Rule of Constantine

206

Mostly known as 'Constantine the greatest' or 'Constantin I' who ruled between 306 and 337 AD. He was the first emporor of rome. An important event that influenced the reign of Constantine is that he made Christianity a lawful region in Rome

Rule of Diocletian

284

Diocletian, from the actual name Diocles. He was an emperor, a ruler, from 284 to 305.

Rule of Diocletian

284

Diocletian (or original name Diocles) was a Roman emperor from 284 - 305 AC. One of the reasons of why he was known for was because who restored the government to an empire after the 'near anarchy of the 3rd century'.

Legalisation of Christianity

306

In the times when Constantine was the Roman emperor, became legal in Rome. This happened throughout 306 - 337 CE.

Split of the Roman Empire and move to Constantinople

330

The finder and the Byzantine Empire first emperor, Constantine I, moved the capital of Rome to Byzantine, and called it Constantinople in 330. It became the largest city in the empire, when in 476 CE - the western roman empire fell apart

First Sack of Rome

387

The story to the first sack of Rome is hid in the myths and legends of the Roman history. But it most likely happened on July 18, 387.
"The Gauls"

End of Western Empire

476

476, was the year when Romulus (the last Roman emperor) was overtaken by a Germanic leader Odoacer. He was the first Barbarian to rule Rome.

Middle ages

Period: 476 to 1450

Reign of Justinian

521

Justinian, usually known as Justinian the great, was the eastern Roman emperor from 527 - 565 AC. His reign is marked because of his aspiring 'restoration of the empire'.

Muslims Conquer North Africa

647

"The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb"
In a series of three stages, the start of the conquest was in 247, and ended in 709. The result was Muslim victory.

Battle of Tours

Oct 10, 732

Battle of Tours, also known as Battle of Poitier, was the victory of 'the Frankish and Burgundian forces' over (other) invasion forces

Rule of Charlemagne

768

Also known as Karl and Charles the great, was an emperor in the medieval times, who ruled most of Western Europe from 768 - 814.

Missionary of St. Cyril and Methodius

860

In 860 Cyril had gone on a mission to the Arabs. In 862, Prince Rostislav asked Constantinople for missionaries. Cyril and Methodius were named. In 863 they started their work.

East-West Schism

1054

East-West Schism also called the Great Schism, was basically the break of communications between what are now called the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches

Viking Invasions

1066

The process of the 'norse' (now known as vikings) explorers, warriors and traders, sailed most of north Atlantic.

Crusades

1095

Crusades - series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims

Magna Carta

1215

Magna Carta is a permit (charter) of rights agreed to by King John of England

Mongol Invasion

1236

Mongol Invasion - this was a conquest of Europe by the mongol empire.

Renaissance

Period: 1300 to 1600

Dante writes his epic poem the Divine Comedy.

1320

Divine Comedy - a long narrative poem who's author is Dante Alighieri. He started writing it in 1308, and completed in 1320.

100 year war

1337

This was a series of of conflicts that carried on throughout 1337 all the way to 1453, by England, France, and others.

Plague

1347

The Great Plague, or Black Death, a serious bacterial infection. It resulted the deaths of 'an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.'

The Papacy returned to Rome

Sep 13, 1376

The return to Rome was the most influential made by Pope Gregory XI. Beginning on 13 September 1376.

Jan Hus Dies

Jul 6, 1415

"Was a Czech theologian, philosopher, master, dean, and rector of the Charles University in Prague"

Architect Brunelleschi designs the dome for the Florence Cathedral

1436

The Florence cathedral was begun in 1296, and was finished in 1436. It's dome was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.
This project was inspired by Arnolfo di Cambio

Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press

1439

The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in around 1439. This was a huge revolution in print technology.

End of Eastern Empire

May 29, 1453

May 29, 1453. "The fall of the Constantinople was an end of a great era for the Byzantine Empire."

Lorenzo de Medici ascends to power in Florence

1469

Lorenzo de' Medici - an Italian statesman.
In 1469 he ascended to power because of his fathers death

Sistine Chapel

Aug 15, 1483

A chapel in the Apostolic Palace. The construction started in 1473 and was completed on August 15, 1483.

Botticelli completed the painting The Birth of Venus.

1486

Italian artist - Sandro Botticelli painted 'The Birth of Venus'. There is a lot of meaning to this piece of art.

Start of Counter-Reformation

1500

A movement within the Roman Catholic church. The main aim was to reform and improve it.

Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.

1503

Italian Renaissance artist - Leonardo da Vinci painted this portrait painting in 1503. Mona Lisa is described as the best known painting in the world.

King Henry VIII

Apr 22, 1509

Was the king of England since April 22, 1509 until his death in 1547. He is best known for his six marriages.

Erasmus published The Praise of Folly

1511

Also called 'The Praise of Folly', was an essay written in latin by Desiderius Erasmus (a dutch humanist) and was finally published in 1511

Reformation

Period: 1517 to 1648

Martin Luther nails 95 Theses

Oct 31, 1517

The 95 theses is basically a list of questions and topics for debate. It is likely that Martin Luther nailed a copy of the 95 thesis to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church on October 31, 1517

Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory

1543

Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory is an astronomical model, that was developed by Nicolaus Copernicus printed in 1543

Scientific revolution

Period: 1543 to 1700

Elizabeth I became Queen of England.

Nov 17, 1558

Elizabeth I - the queen of England and Ireland since 1558 until hear death in 1603.

The invention of the microscope

1590

The microscope was invented in around the 1590's, that literally changed the world. Though it is still unclear of who invented the microscope (either Zacharias Janssen or Hans Lippershey).

William Shakespeare builds the Globe theatre.

1599

Globe theatre - a theatre in London that was built by William Shakespeare's playing company in the 1599. Thought it was destroyed in 1613.

Kepler discovered elliptical orbits

1609

Kepler's laws of planetary motion:
1) The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.
2) A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.[1]
3) The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit published between 1609 and 1619

Galileo was warned by the Catholic Church

1616

In 1616 the Catholic church warned Galileo to not defend Copernicus or there will be consequences. In 1632 however he went against their warning and published a book that clearly supported Copernicus theory.

Thirty year's war

1618

This was a 17th century conflict mainly fought throughout the central Europe. It is known as on of the most longest and harsh wars in human history. It lasted from 1618 to 1648

Bacon published Novum Organum

1620

A philosophy work by Francis Bacon. Was written in latin and published in 1620.

Galileo Galilei

1632

Galileo was the first one to discover that the moon also had mountains, just like earth. In 1632 he published a book that stated the earth orbited the sun, thought after he got arrested.

Peace of Westphalia

1646

Was a series of peace treaties (an agreement) signed between May and October 1648.