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battle of tannenberg
German forces aimed to counter the Russian invasion of East Prussia during the early stages of WWI. Russia's plans suffered from poor coordination and outdated communications. Decisive German victory.Halted Russian advances into Germany, leading to heavy Russian losses and a blow to Russian morale. -
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First Battle of the Marne
Part of Germany's Schlieffen Plan, aimed at quickly defeating France by advancing through Belgium and into northern France. Allied victory (France and Britain). Forced the Germans to retreat and marked the end of mobile warfare, beginning the era of trench warfare. -
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Battle of Gallipoli
Allies aimed to seize the Dardanelles and secure a route to Russia. Ottoman victory. Heavy Allied losses and failure to knock the Ottomans out of the war. -
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The Second Battle of Ypres
marked the first large-scale use of poison gas by the Germans against the Allied forces in Belgium, but despite the gas attacks, the Allies managed to hold the line, suffering 105,000 casualties compared to 35,000 for Germany. -
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Battle of Verdun
was a grueling war of attrition where Germany aimed to bleed France white, but the French held their ground despite heavy losses. The battle became a symbol of French resolve, with French casualties at 377,000 and German at 337,000. -
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Battle of Jutland
The largest naval battle of the war ended in no clear victor, but Britain retained control of the North Sea, maintaining its naval blockade of Germany.
Casualties: British: 6,000 killed; German: 2,500 killed. -
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Battle of the Somme
The Allies launched a major offensive to relieve pressure on France, suffering massive casualties while gaining little ground. This battle demonstrated the horrors of trench warfare.
Casualties: Allied: 145,000 killed; German: 160,000 killed, 200,000 wounded. -
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Brusilov Offensive
Russia launched a successful offensive against Austria-Hungary, inflicting heavy losses and gaining ground, though it did little to alter the overall course of the war.
Casualties: Russian: 200,000 killed; Austro-Hungarian: 100,000 killed, 450,000 prisoners. -
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battle of the Somme
The Allies launched a major offensive to relieve pressure on France, suffering massive casualties while gaining little ground. This battle demonstrated the horrors of trench warfare.
Casualties: Allied: 145,000 killed; German: 160,000 killed, 200,000 wounded. -
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The Battle of Caporetto
saw a German-Austrian offensive against Italy, resulting in a disastrous retreat for Italy, with 700,000 casualties on the Italian side and 200,000 on the Central Powers’ side -
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The Spring Offensive
was Germany’s last attempt to win the war before American forces could arrive in full strength. Despite initial success, the offensive eventually exhausted Germany’s resources, with casualties of 600,000 for the Germans and 800,000 for the Allies. -
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Battle of Belleau Wood
American forces successfully repelled the German advance at Château-Thierry, marking a turning point in the war and solidifying the reputation of the American military, with 9,777 American casualties and around 30,000 German casualties.