How can the Reformation and the Age of Discovery be seen as extensions of the Renaissance (1400 CE - 1600 CE)

Lutheranism (1483-1546)

Period: 1483 to 1546

Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) was a German monk who endured a difficult childhood. Luther received both a scholastic and a humanistic education, eventually becoming a professor at the small university in the city of Wittenberg in the Holy Roman Empire. Luther had a large impact to what caused The Reformation. He had strong beliefs toward the churches, and how things should be ran for the good of the people.

The Renaissance (1300-1500)

1500

The Renaissance, meaning “rebirth,” was a period of innovation in culture, art, and learning that took place between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, starting in Italy and then spreading to various other parts of Europe. The Renaissance was a very important and memorable period of time, that set standers and left a legacy for future eras.

The Reformation (1517)

1517

The Reformation was the strange state of the Catholic Church as of the late fifteenth century. The Church was omnipresent in early-modern European society. About one person in seventy-five was part of the Church, as a priest, monk, nun, or member of a lay order. Practically every work of art depicted biblical themes. The Church supervised births, marriages, contracts, wills, and deaths all law was, by implication, the law of God Himself.

Effects of the Catholic Reformation (1530)

1530

The Catholic Reformation was happening in by the 1530s. the Church adopted the use of the printing press and began reaching out to both priests and educated laypeople, often in the vernacular languages rather than Latin. The new fervor led to a revival of religious orders focused on reaching out to the common people rather than remaining sequestered from the public in monasteries and convents. This was great as now the people were reconnecting and creating a whole new lifestyle.

The English Reformation (1531)

1531

Lutheranism and Calvinism had both come about as protests against the perceived moral and doctrinal failings of the Catholic Church, the English Reformation happened because of the selfish desires of Henry Vlll. King Henry decided to remarry as his first wife failed to conceive a son. But, Henry's choice of a new spouse was his brothers widow - which was strictly forbidden. This small act caused major feud between the King and Church.

New World Wealth (1533)

1533

The Spanish discovered huge sources of wealth in South and Central America. The most important source of wealth in all of the Americas for the Spanish crown was discovered in 1545. This was important and reflected as a another "rebirth or new wealth" for the Spanish people. Creating something the Spaniards were known for, as they did not succeed in trading or technology.

Calvinism (1536)

1536

The most important Protestant denomination to emerge after the establishment of Lutheranism was Calvinism. Jean Calvin was a generation younger than Luther, he had Protestant views that was not as surprising as Luther’s break with the Church had been. The result of his work was Calvinism, a distinct Protestant denomination that differed in many ways from Lutheranism. Calvinism was the opposite from the views of Luther, creating deputes related to various different topics.

The Catholic Reformation (1540ish)

1540

Historians have traditionally referred to the major changes that took place in the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation as the “Counter-Reformation,” a movement that was essentially reactionary. The Renaissance is all about change and wanting things to be right for everyone, that was reflected onto the Catholics when they fought back against the protests for what they believed should be right.

The Jesuits (1540)

1540

In addition to the edicts and councils convened by the popes, the Catholic Reformation benefited from a resurgence of Catholic religious orders. The most important new religious order, by far, was the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits. During the reformation, there came a new set of obedience. The Jesuits became a new hope, creating schools, bringing back beliefs, and spreading education around to the people.

The Pope (1534-1549)

1549

The individual who launched the “hardline” movement of Catholic Reformation was Pope Paul III (r. 1534 – 1549). Almost from the beginning of his rule, Paul was on the offensive: he commissioned a report in 1536 to evaluate the possibility and necessity of reform, which concluded that there were numerous abuses within the Church that had to be corrected, but there was no budging on doctrine. Paul was determined was to make a change within the church, with holding people accountable.