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Pale of Settlement Established
Territories of the Russian Empire in which Jews were permitted perminant settlement. -
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Reign of Alexander 1st
eased censorship and promoted education during his reign -
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Reign of Nicholas 1st
tried to modernize Russia, limited the power of landowners, and did not impact Russia largely. Promoted nationalism. -
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Italian unification
Italy transitions from multiple states to one country with Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi leading them. -
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Reign of Alexander 2nd
defeated in Crimean war, which showed how Russia was not using modern technology. Emancipation of surfs, legal rights (trial with a jury, etc.), eased censorship, encouraged industrial growth. Assassinated -
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7 Weeks War
war between Prussia and Austria, Bavaria -
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Franco-Prussian War
war between France and Germany over land. Germans won -
German Unification
Germany unifies due to the populations religious and culturial similarities. -
Anti Semitism Term Coined
The German agitator Wilhelm Marr constructed anti-Jewish campaigns in central Europe at the time. -
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Reign of Alexander 3rd
wanted revenge for his father’s murder, increased powers of the secret police, increased censorship, banished critics to Siberia -
Pinsker's Autoemancipation
A zionest pamphlet in German that Leon Pinsker, a Jewish doctor wrote about getting a Jewish state. -
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Scramble for Africa
European nations including: Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Belgium tried to “claim” land in Africa and civilize the Africans. -
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First Aliyah
First modern wave of the Zionest movement to Palestine. -
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Berlin conference
to negotiate, peacefully, which country got what land in Africa -
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Reign of Nicholas 2nd
forced to abdicate throne after rebellions in Russia -
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Dreyfus Affair
Political scandal where Jewish French officer Alfred Dreyfus, was convicted of treason. -
World Zionist Congress First Meets
Herzl planned a gathering in Basel, Switzerland where the Zionist Organization was created and therefore formualted a Zionist plan. -
J'Accuse Published
Open letter by Emile Zola in the newspaper, L'Aurore adressing the French government of Anti-Semitism towards the Alfred Dreyfus affair. -
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
An antisemitic hoax that was created to illustrate a Jewish plan for domminating the world. -
Uganda Plan
Plan to make Brittish territoy in East Africa the Jewish people's home. It was supported by Theodre Herzl. -
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Second Aliyah
Second movement where about 20,000 Jews (mostly Russian) immigrated to Palestine. -
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Russo-Japanese War
war fought between Russia and Japanese. Russia lost showing that despite its superior size it did not have enough modern technology to go to war with any county at that time. -
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated in response to Serbia joining Austria-Hungary -
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World War I
took place in mostly Europe, first war since the industrial revolution. Central powers (Germany, Poland, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire) vs. Allies (France, Great Britain, Russia [left due to their revolution], Italy, US) -
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Russian Revolution
ended the rule of the tsars in Russia, Provisional Government made from the State Duma took over, although they didn't change anything. Later Lenin and the Bolshevik party took control with almost no opposition. They ruled for six decades, and people suffered enormously -
United States Enters WWI
US declares war on Germany, provide troops, money, supplies, and a much-needed morale boost -
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Russian Civil War
between Red Army fighting for the Bolsheviks, and the white army (people for: monarchism, capitalism, and socialism). which was disorganized and chaotic which led to its defeat by the red army -
• Armistice Begins
a truce between the allies and Germany. Signified the end of WWI -
Treaty of Versailles
created at the Paris Peace Conference. Primarily created by France and Great Britain; they forced Germany to: reduce military, give up land, give resources to France, pay reparations, accept responsibility. Austria-Hungary had to split up, give up land, and pay reparations. Ottoman was wiped off the map and became turkey. -
USSR Named/Created
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Lenin Dies
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Mussolini comes to power
after he became prime minister he installed all fascist party members in all government jobs, controlled the press, stops the mafia, and industrialized Italy -
Hitler comes to power
sets up a police state, implants censorship, minorities persecuted, and promises to restore Germany to glory -
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WWII
German troops march into Warsaw and Great Britain and France declare war -
Pearl harbor
Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii -
D-Day
160,000 Allied troops landed in a heavily-fortified French coastline, to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy -
Victory in Europe Day
German troops throughout Europe laid down their arms -
Atomic bombing of Japan
an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima -
Victory in Japan Day
Japan had surrendered to the Allies, effectively ending World War II -
Bloody Sunday
rioting workers were shot by soldiers on the Tsar’s authority in St. Petersburg, this caused months of rebellion and “political violence” with people asking for a change in the government