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alliance between Germany, Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire -
the Berlin Conference established the legal claim by Europeans that all of Africa could be occupied by whomever could take it. -
Kaiser Wilhelm arrived in Morocco and declared his respect to the Sultan of Morocco in attempts to disturb the alliance between France and Britain and disrupt the Anglo-French Entente. -
German and other national economic rights were upheld and where the French and Spanish were entrusted with the policing of Morocco. -
the Anglo-Russian Entente was agreed, which attempted to resolve a series of long-running disputes over Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet and end their rivalry in Central Asia, nicknamed The Great Game. -
Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina -
(1912-13) Two military conflicts that deprived the Ottoman Empire of almost all its remaining territory in Europe. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated on 28 June 1914 by Bosnian Serb student Gavrilo Princip. -
When Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia on July 28, 1914, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Sazonov interpreted it as part of an Austro-German plot to diminish Russian influence in the Balkans. On July 30, Russia announced a general mobilization in support of Serbia. -
Germany invaded Luxembourg on August 2, prompting France to mobilize. Germany declared war on France on August 3. -
World War I engagement in which the French repulsed a major German offensive. -
a provisional government of the Russian Republic established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on March 2, 1917. -
the monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the Provisional Government. -
he declared that the war be brought to an end; second, he wanted the lands to be transferred to the peasants; third, the banks had to be nationalised. These three demands were known as Lenin's April Theses. -
a transitional military force of the collapsing Imperial Russian Army and the base formations of Bolsheviks during the October Revolution and the first months of the Russian Civil War. -
Elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly were held on 25 November 1917, although some districts had polling on alternate days. -
some 6,500 German guns and 3,500 heavy mortars opened up a terrifying five-hour barrage against the British Third and Fifth Armies on the Western Front. -
The Armistice was the ceasefire that ended hostilities between the Allies and Germany on 11 November 1918. -
The Paris Peace Conference convened in January 1919 at Versailles just outside Paris. The conference was called to establish the terms of the peace after World War I. -
According to French and British wishes, the Treaty of Versailles subjected Germany to strict punitive measures. -
the Reds defeated their internal enemies and brought most of the newly independent states under their control. -
The Soviet Union was formed in 1922 by a treaty between the Soviet republics of Byelorussia, Russian SFSR (RSFSR), Transcaucasian Federation, and Ukraine.