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Triple Alliance
alliance between Germany, Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire -
Berlin Conference
the Berlin Conference established the legal claim by Europeans that all of Africa could be occupied by whomever could take it. -
First Moroccan crisis
Kaiser Wilhelm arrived in Morocco and declared his respect to the Sultan of Morocco in attempts to disturb the alliance between France and Britain and disrupt the Anglo-French Entente. -
Argelias conference
German and other national economic rights were upheld and where the French and Spanish were entrusted with the policing of Morocco. -
Triple entente
the Anglo-Russian Entente was agreed, which attempted to resolve a series of long-running disputes over Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet and end their rivalry in Central Asia, nicknamed The Great Game. -
Annexation of Bosnia
Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina -
Balcan wars
(1912-13) Two military conflicts that deprived the Ottoman Empire of almost all its remaining territory in Europe. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated on 28 June 1914 by Bosnian Serb student Gavrilo Princip. -
Russia declared war
When Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia on July 28, 1914, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Sazonov interpreted it as part of an Austro-German plot to diminish Russian influence in the Balkans. On July 30, Russia announced a general mobilization in support of Serbia. -
German and French mobilization
Germany invaded Luxembourg on August 2, prompting France to mobilize. Germany declared war on France on August 3. -
Battle of Verdun
World War I engagement in which the French repulsed a major German offensive. -
Provisional government
a provisional government of the Russian Republic established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on March 2, 1917. -
Beginning of the Russian revolution
the monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the Provisional Government. -
April Theses
he declared that the war be brought to an end; second, he wanted the lands to be transferred to the peasants; third, the banks had to be nationalised. These three demands were known as Lenin's April Theses. -
Red Guards
a transitional military force of the collapsing Imperial Russian Army and the base formations of Bolsheviks during the October Revolution and the first months of the Russian Civil War. -
Constituent Assembly
Elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly were held on 25 November 1917, although some districts had polling on alternate days. -
Open fire
some 6,500 German guns and 3,500 heavy mortars opened up a terrifying five-hour barrage against the British Third and Fifth Armies on the Western Front. -
End of the war, Armistice
The Armistice was the ceasefire that ended hostilities between the Allies and Germany on 11 November 1918. -
Peace conference in Paris
The Paris Peace Conference convened in January 1919 at Versailles just outside Paris. The conference was called to establish the terms of the peace after World War I. -
Treaty of Versailles
According to French and British wishes, the Treaty of Versailles subjected Germany to strict punitive measures. -
Red army won the civil war
the Reds defeated their internal enemies and brought most of the newly independent states under their control. -
New soviet state
The Soviet Union was formed in 1922 by a treaty between the Soviet republics of Byelorussia, Russian SFSR (RSFSR), Transcaucasian Federation, and Ukraine.