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May 21, 1527
The Reign of Phillip II
Phillip II reigned from May 21, 1527 until September 13, 1598. He inherited Spain, spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies. He was shy, hard working, and worked alone. In 1580, he inherited Portugal, which had strongholds in Africa, India, and the East Indies. By 1600 the New World supplied Phillips empire with lots of gold and silver. During his reign he defended catholicism against protestants and muslims. In 1588 he launched the spanish armada, but the massive fleet failed. -
Dec 3, 1533
Reign of Ivan the terrible
Inherited the throne at 3 years old. Was a decent king until death of his wife, Anastasia Romanov, after which he killed his eldest son and imposed harsh laws and taxes on Russians, causing them to dislike him strongly. He died on March 28, 1584. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg was a peace treaty signed by the Germans. The treaty ended the fighting between the Roman Catholics and the German Lutherns. Charles V created this treaty so that the royal Roman empires prince's could choose their religion freely. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes, proclaimed in 1598, sought to end the Wars of Religion in France. It granted French Protestants freedom of conscience and allowed them to worship publicly. When the wars were going on France got tourn apart so the Edict of Nantes will help them build and repair. -
Thirty year war
The Thirty year war was fought mostly in Europe between Protestants and Roman Catholics in Germany. It was a fight on both sides for power of europe. The war brought great amount of death, plague, and famine. The Peace of Westphalia was signed in 1648 by both sides to end the war -
Cardinal Richelieu appointed
Richeleiu is appointed by Louis XIII and takes two steps to increase power of Bourbon Monarchy:
1. Moves against Hueguenot because he believed it to create conspiracies against Catholic King.
2. Weakens power of noble families by ordering them to take down castles. -
Reign of Charles I
Son of James I. Was in constant need of money due to war with Spain & France, which Parliament refused and angered Charles.
Agreed to creation of Petition of Rights which consists of his would nots which are.
He would not imprison subjects without due cause he
Would not levy taxes without parliamrnt consent,
Would not house soldiers in private homes and
Would not impose martial law in peacetime.
He died on January 30, 1649. -
The English Civil wars
Lasted 1642-1649. Between supporters and opponents of King Charles I. Charles' supporters were called Royalists and Parliament supporters were Puritans.The wars ended with the killing of King Charles. -
signing of the peace of Westphalia
Weakend Hapsburg state of Spain and Germany
Strengthened France by awarding it German territory.
Made German princes independent of the Holy Roman Emperor
Ended religious wars in Europe.
Introduced a new method of peace negoation where participants come together to peacefully discuss solution (which is used to this day).
Ended 30 Years War. -
Reign of Oliver Cromwell
Was a general in civil war before becoming leader of England and abolishing monarchy. He held Charles I prisoner after English Civil War and tried him for treason. Reigned as a military dictator until his death 1658. His accomplishments include reforming society, promoting religious tolerance, helping to draft the first European constitution and seizing Ireland. -
Louis XIV assumes full control of France
Louis Built Versailles at value of 2.5 Billion dollars (2003 value), also
Invades Spanish Netherlands and gained 12 towns (1667).
Invades Dutch Netherlands (1672) and
Causes other European countries to form alliance due to fear of being conquered. -
Reign of Peter the Great
Contacts with Western Europe in order to learn from greater civilizations which led to Westernization of Russia. He introduced potatoes, which became a Russian diet staple, started Russia's first newspaper, raised the status of women, ordered nobles to wear Western fashions and advanced education by opening schools. Reformed Russia itself and its military dramatically. -
Glorious Revolution
Lasted from 1688-1689. King James II was overthrown due to him being a catholic, causing him to flee to France. Mary and WIlliam of Orange took over the English throne. The glorious revolution replaced the reign of king james the second. -
English bill of rights
After Glorious Revolution, England becomes constitutional monarchy causing Parliament to draft Bill of Rights which states what a ruler cannot do.
No suspending of Parliament's laws and
No levying of taxes without specific grant from Parliament. Also
No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament and
No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances. -
War of Spanish succession
Starts after Charles II death,
Spanish throne was promised to Philip of Anjou, Louis XIV's grandson.
Countries felt threatened by increase in Bourbon dynasty's power
England, Austria, Dutch Republic, Portugal and other European nations. joined together to prevent union of France and Spain
Ended in 1714 with Treaty of Utrecht.
