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Affirmitive Action
Theexecutive order required that government employers "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin" and "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin" and was expanded with sex discrimination also by John F Kennedy. -
Presidential Commission on the Status of Women
Established to advise the President on issues concerning the status of women. It was created by JFK. Legislation related to women in the workplace up to this time had usually taken the form of protective legislation- often protective legislation provided employers with the justification to avoid hiring women altogether or to pay them the same wages as men. If women needed so many accommodations in the workplace, it was subsequently easier and cheaper for employers to only hire men. -
The Feminine Mystique
In 1963, Betty Friedan published the book The Feminine Mystique, which argued that the media and educators created an image of women's proper role as appendages of their husbands and children. It also argued that women should not accept their inferior status at home or in the work force. -
Equal Pay Act of 1963
The EPA provides that the employer may not pay lower wages to employees of one gender than it pays to employees of the other gender, employees within the same establishment for equal work at jobs that require equal skill, effort, and responsibility, and that are performed under similar working conditions. -
Civil Rights Act
Signed into law by Johnson, it was a civil rights legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. -
National Organization for Women
In 1966, Betty Friedan founded the National Organization for Women, which sought to end job discrimination through legislation, education, and court action. It also lobbied for paid maternity leave, the establishment of child care facilities, the legalization of abortion, and the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution that would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. -
National Organization for Women
Founders: Betty Friedan (Fem. Myst), Rev. Pauli Murray, the first AM fem Episcopal priest, and Shirley Chisholm, the first Black woman to run for US President
"To take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men." SIX CORE ISSUES: abortion and rep. health access, violence against women, constitutionanal equality, diversity, lesbian rights, and economic justice. -
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act
The federal law prohibits discriminating against persons 40 years of age or older in all aspects of employment. The law is designed to promote the employment of persons on the basis of ability rather than age to help employers and workers find ways to meet problems arising from the impact of age on employment. -
Women's Strike for Equality
In 1970, Betty Friedan organized the Women's Strike for Equality, which was in celebration of the 50th anniversary of women's suffrage. The march happened down Fifth Avenue in New York and 40 to 50 thousand women attended. -
"The Female Eunuch"
Germaine Greer's book "The Female Eunuch" about gender and sexuality was published. -
National Women's Political Caucus
In July 1971, Gloria Steinem helped form the National Women's Politcal Caucus, which supported changes in the Equal Rights Amendment including reproductive freedom and wage difference between sexes. -
Ms. Magazine
In December 1971, Gloria Steinem co-founded Ms. Magazine, which was a publication dedicated to women's rights concerns. -
Equal Rights Amendment
Passed by the U.S. Senate and sent to the states for ratification. First proposed by the National Woman's political party in 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment was to provide for the legal equality of the sexes and prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. In February 1970, NOW picketed the US Senate and demanded a meeting to discuss the ERA. That August 20,000 women held a nationwide Women's Strike for Equality -
Roe V Wade
The Supreme Court held that in the earlier months of pregnancy, a woman, in consultation with her doctor, could choose to have an abortion without legal restrictions, and could also make the choice with some restrictions later in pregnancy. The basis for the decision was the right to privacy, a right inferred from the Fourteenth Amendment. -
CLASSIC COMMERCIALS - 1974 with NBC Nightly News Show Open
CLASSIC COMMERCIALS - 1974 with NBC Nightly News Show Open This video features a number of different commercials from 1974. All the women in these advertisements are featured as caregivers for their families.
All of the commercials are narrated by men, despite women being the actresses in the ads.
The Coca-Cola ad was not focused on men or women specifically, and the music was sung by men and women. -
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Offers Women's Studies Courses
Univeristy of Milwaukee became the first school to offer womens studies clases in 1964. -
Period: to
History of Women
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Divorce Rates Going up
The United States has the highest divorce rate of any industrialized nation in the world. Nearly 1/2 of all marriages now end in divorce. Divorce rates have increased after every single major war. Divorce rates were most significant following the end of the Vietnam war. With divorce rates on the rise it is clear that there are many social factors that have played a role in this number rising including women taking more control and divorce being more socially accepted. -
Displaced Homemakers Project in 1978
The resurgence of the Women's Coalition in the late 1970s manifested itself in two new projects, the TF on Prostitution, and this. The goals of the new project included community education and the development of support systems for displaced homemakers: a woman who is 35-65 years old and has spent the majority of her time providing unpaid service to her family,2) has lost her primary means of support through widowhood, separation, ect, & 3) is currently finding entry into the workforce difficult -
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
To amend Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to prohibit sex discrimination on the basis of pregnancy. Between 1961 and 1965, less than 35 percent of working
first-time mothers were still on the job one month or
less before giving birth. Almost nine out of ten (88 percent) first-time mothers who worked while pregnant
worked into their last two months of pregnancy in 2006-2008, and more than 82 percent worked into their last month of pregnancy. -
Germaine Greer for the Center of Study of Women's Literature
In 1982, the University of Tulsa-Oklahoma made Germaine Greer for the Center of Study of Women's Literature and has been publishing a journal since 1982. -
Marrrying Later
In the 1980’s the average age of marriage for a woman was 22, but by 2002 the age has risen to 27. Our society is putting less of an emphasis on marriage then ever before. With less societal pressure to rush into partnerships, people are waiting longer to get married, or not getting married at all. Couples moving in together and having children out of wedlock is now socially acceptable where as it was social taboo only a couple years ago. -
Human Rights Campaign
Working for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equal Rights, it is the largest LGBT civil rights advocacy group and political lobbying organization in the United States -
1984 TV Commercials
1984 TV Commercials These commercials continue along the same lines as thoes from a decade earlier.
There are a couple more with female voicovers, and there are more women in the ads themselves, but men are still the most comon narrators and actors. In one ad for Hydrocurve II contact lenses, a woman dances around in a shiny spandex body suit. Later, a man enters the commercial but he gets to wear a long sleeve button up and pants. -
"Civil Rights Act of 1991"
The federal Law authorizes compensatory and punitive damages in and jury trials for victims of intentional employment discrimination. -
4-21-1994 CBS Daytime Commercials
4-21-1994 CBS Daytime Commercials There's a more even distribution of men and women in these commercials. Women are still portrayed as caregivers, and now ads featuring women's beauty seem more focused towards vanity, where men's ads are more about just looking good.
There are a couple ads now that show women in more powerful positions, and also ads for two shows featuring women, Christy(2:29) and Dr. Quinn Medicine Woman -
The American Family in 2000
In the 1960's, nearly 45% of american households were made up of a married man and woman with one or more children, but a study done in 2000 found that this number had dropped to only 23.5% representing a shift away from the "nuclear family" and towards a less homogenous view of what the family structure should look like. -
Change in Women's Economic Roles
Women’s economic role in the family has changed significantly in recent years. The traditional family with the male as the breadwinner working alone to sustain the family is no longer the norm. Women and Men are now dual supporters of the family in most homes. In 2000, only 1 out of every 5 married couples had the male as the single breadwinner. -
Women's Traditional Roles
Even though women are now working equal job hours to men, they are still expected to maintain their traditional roles of taking care of the children and the home. One study found that even female breadwinners do more housework and childcare then their husbands. This goes to show that while Women’s economic roles are changing, their social roles seem to be stuck in the past. -
Wisconsin African American Women's Center
Founded in 2001, the center was founded in Milwaukee to aid and help people organize and help communities through professional developemnt, economic empowerment and education. They have various conferences and services available which revolve around business opporunities, family/community services, and education. -
Women's Media Center
In 2004, Gloria Steinem co-founded the Women's Media Center, which was intended to promote positive images of women in the media. -
September 2004 Commercials show on Spike TV
September 2004 Commercials There continues to be more women in commercials now. Women are also shown to be clever, and they aren't afraid to make men look silly, like in the Pringles ad with the young girl.
In 2004 the first season of Star Trek was being advertised, which is important for women in the media because of Uhura, who was one of the first black female main characters in a TV show. -
Women In Trades
"Our organization, Women in Trades, began in 2006. Our mission as an organization is to support, energize, and empower trades women to successfully contribute to the quality of the skilled workforce. This task is also our organization's vision. We welcome women who are journey level, apprentices, training for construction and have an interest in pursuing a skilled trade or construction career." -
The Single Mom vs. The Married Mom
Single moms make up 25% of U.S households and this number is only expected to rise. With single moms working less and often making less due to the fact they are the sole caregivers of their children, there are clear disparities between married moms and single moms. In 2007, married mothers made an average of $57,194, nearly double that of a single mom. -
Wisconsin Department of Children and Families
In Madison, Wisconisn, the WDCF provides services to assist children and families in need of protection or services for their families, adoption and foster care services, licensing of facilities that care for children, background investigations caregivers, and child abuse and neglect investigations. It administers the W-2 program, including the child care subsidy program, child support enforcement and paternity establishment, and programs related to theTemporary Assistance to Needy Families prog -
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
U.S. Supreme Court decision that the statute of limitations for presenting an equal-pay lawsuit begins on the date that the employer makes the initial discriminatory wage decision, not at the date of the most recent paycheck. This law extended the statute of limitations on cases where a worker found that they were receiving discriminatory pay, allowing them to sue and receive recompense more than six months after they received the pay. -
Repeal of the Equal Pay Enforcement Act
The Equal Pay Enforcement Act was a Wisconsin law that made it easier for victims of wage discrimination to have their day in court which was repealed by Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker. The law meant to deter employers from discriminating against certain groups by giving workers more avenues via which to press charges. Among other provisions, it allows individuals to plead their cases in the less costly, more accessible state circuit court system, rather than just in federal court. Repealed in 2012 -
Chapter 770 Provision in Wisconsin
A registry of domestic partnerships that provide same-sex couples with limited rights, specifically 43 of the more than 200 spousal rights afforded different-sex couples. It was signed into law by Democratic Gov. Jim Doyle. Wisconsin's domestic partnership registry for same-sex couples does not grant two-parent adoptions. Wisconsin was the first state in the Midwest to enact a form of recognition for same-sex unions.and only one to enact limited domestic partnerships. -
The Cost of Having Children Rising
A study done in 2012 found that the average middle-class couple will spent $241,040 to raise one child to 18. Factor in college and potentially graduate school and that price begins to soar. Money conscious families looking to give each child the best shot at life are now choosing to have fewer children so as to have a more stable financial situation. This is one of the factors that has lead to the deprciation in family sizes. -
The Change in Average Kids
In the 1970's, the average children in the American family was three. By 2013 the average ammount of children per household was two. While a drop from three to two does not seem that extreme when you consider it in a national scale the affect is immense.The decresase in family size is associated with the poor economy as well as better avalabiity and knowledge about birth control. -
The Milwaukee Family
In the 2013 census for Milwaukee found that there are 64,459 husband-wife led homes and 52,112 female lead homes with no husband present. This represents the drastic amount of single mothers living in Milwaukee as the number is very near the amount of married couples in Milwaukee. -
Fair Wisconsin
Fair Wisconsin envisions a fair, safe, and inclusive society in which lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people are treated with dignity and respect. Fair Wisconsin Inc. works to build a fair, safe, and inclusive Wisconsin for all lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people by advancing, achieving, and protecting LGBT civil rights through lobbying, legislative advocacy, grassroots organizing, coalition building and electoral involvement.
