-
3100 BCE
3100 B.C.
Egyptians inscription were in two languages: God´s language and Slavery Language. They used translations to share their knowledge to slaves. -
3100 BCE
First Phase of Translation
The first translation took place in Egyptian culture from Hebrew (Angelical) into Arabic. God´s language needed to be translated in order to share knowledge to earth. -
2500 BCE
Second Phase of Translation
Mesopotamian Era. Sumerian Poem Gilgamesh was translated into Asian Languages. Also Buddhist monks translated Indian documents into Chinese. Ancient Greek texts were translated by Roman Poets with entertainment purpuses. -
2000 BCE
Third Phase of Translation "The Greeks"
Third Phase of Translation.
Arabic scholars translated Greek works and created their own versions of the scientific, entertainment and philosophical understandings.
In the middle ages the Arabic versions were translated into Latin throughout Spain provinding the foundations of Renaissance Academics -
300 BCE
300 B.C.
Relevant terms for the word "Translation" comes from the Ancient Greek word of "Metaphrasis" which means "To speak across" and from this the term "Methaphrase"was born, which means a "word for word translation" -
300 BCE
300 B.C.
Romans came in contact with other cultures (Spanish and Islamic) used translation in order to conquer the world -
300 BCE
Fourth Phase of Translation "Religious"
As religion developed, religious texts needed to be available in multiple languages. One of the first religious texts translated into greek was the Old Testament. Often referred to The Greek Old Testament, this became the basis for future translations of the bible in multiple languages. -
Period: 347 to
FAMOUS TRANSLATORS
Saint Jerome
Gaspar Antonio Chi
Sacagawea
Alexander Burnes
Mark Twain
Jorge Luis Borges -
420
Saint Jerome 347-420
Known as one of the most famous translators of all time. He translated the Bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin and these translations became the official Catholic translation of the Bible and were used for one thousand years. -
1531
Gaspar Antonio Chi 1531-1610
Yucantan indian wit a great knowledge of Spanish, Latin and Maya languages. He was an interpreter for King Charles V of Spainand an informant for Diego de Landa in writing his "Relación de las cosas en Yucatán". -
Period: to
Translation as a major approach
Translation in the 16th century, was the popular method to teach Greek to Latin speakers and viceversa. In 19th Century translation became the major method for the target language (SL/FL) and was used to understand and learn grammatical usage in the target language by providing meaning (mother tongue translation) -
Sacagawea 1788-1812
Her remarkable skills on the command of the Shoshone language led her to be the only woman in the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805-06 into the American West. -
Alexander Burnes 1805-1841
British interpreter born in Scotland. He spoke English, Hindi and Persian. In the 1800´s he became a spy for the British Military that entrusted him with the survey of the Indus River in 1831.The British crown knighted him in 1839 for his accomplishments. -
Mark Twain 1835-1910
Samuel Langhorne Clemens known by his pen name Mark Twain.
Even though he was not a translator there is a funny anecdote involving his translation skills. Twain discovered a French translation of his story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. He back-translated the story into English, word for word, retaining the French grammatical structure and syntax.
His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884). -
Jorge Luis Borges 1899-1986
Jorge Luis Borges produced numerous original works of fiction, poetry, and essays however, he made significant contributions to literature through his work as a translator.His very first translation into Spanish – Oscar Wilde’s short story “The Happy Prince” translated poetry focusing on translation from English, French, and German into Spanish. -
Translation in SLA today
Growing numbers of researchers are supporting the potential of translation into the Second Language Acquisition in order to enhance second and foreign language acquisition processes. Larsen - Freeman (1991), Brown (1994), Ellis (1996),Doughty and Williams (1998), Harley (1998), Swain (1998), Long-Robinson (1998) Translation could be considered as yet another skill along with those of speaking,listening, reading and writing.
