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Apprenticeship
The earliest forms of training were elders teaching the younger generations. Then it led to apprenticeships where young students would learn from a master in a field. They were an apprentice. -
Vocational and Manual Schools
The industrial revolution brought about the need for on-the-job training and the idea to teach individuals a trade so they will learn a specific skill. -
Factory Schools
Factory Schools were schools created in the factory that taught children and adults the skills needed to perform their duties in the factories. -
"The Principles of Scientific Management."
In 1909 Frederick Winslow Taylor published a book called "The Principles of Scientific Management." (Taylor, 1911). His idea started the Scientific Movement Method which studied how work was performed. He found that employees learned from their managers and changed the way factory managers trained employees. -
Training within Industry
In 1940 there was a shortage of skilled workers as many had signed up to fight in the war. The US began a training program called Training within Industry TWI to teach unskilled workers how to "meet the demands of war". (Leanit, 2014) TWI then created the Job Instructor Program (JIT). The idea was to teach managers how to teach their employees the skills needed to perform job duties. -
American Society of Training Directors (ASTD) Formed
American Society of Training Directors formed as the need for training positions in companies increased. -
Behavorism Introduced
B.F. Skinner published a book called Science and Human Behavior which discussed behaviorism and changed how training was done. The new concept created "individualized instruction" (Estep, 2008). -
Blooms Taxonomy
Another significant change occurred in the 1950's. Benjamin Bloom introduced his concept on learning objectives which goes over "cognitive, psychomotor, and affective outcomes" (Estep, 2008). This concept was later referred to KSA (knowledge, skills, attitude). -
Organizational Development
During the 1960's Organizational Development became popular. Organizational Development is "Organization Development is a values-based approach to systems change in organizations and communities; it strives to build the capacity to achieve and sustain a new desired state that benefits the organization or community and the world around them." (Estep, 2008) -
Sociotechnical-systems theory
This theory combines the social system (people) and the tools or technologies they use (technical) (Estep, 2008). Case studies started to become part of training programs and the 70's birthed the need for sensitivity training. -
Technology in Training
During the 90's technology boomed. This allowed technology to become a part of training. E-learning and computer-based training started to become the norm in training and development. -
2000 - Today
Technology has transformed training, specifically, where it is completed. Distance learning, electronic gaming elements and social media have all become a part of training and learning.
